Hebrew Book of Revelation

Introduction to this Document

Introduction to this Document

This text is believed by some scholars to be the original text of the Apostle John concerning the Revelation he received from our Lord Jesus Christ, known in the Bible as the book of Revelation. This text is written in Hebrew and does not appear to be a copy of any original Greek text but rather seems to be a copy of an earlier original Hebrew text. 

Two of the manuscript, MS 0o.1.16 and MS. 0o.1.32, where found in 1806 by Buchanan in Cochin, India. These manuscripts have not received much attention over the past 200 years since they were brought to the British Library.

This text is to be taken in careful consideration since there are so many fraudulent gospels and book of the Bible, however the Hebrew seems to clear up some interesting misconceptions from Greek translations.

Ele Ha-Sodot - The Hebrew Book of Revelation

A transcript + translation of an amazing Hebrew manuscript of Revelation

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Based on Ms. 00.1.16 from the Cambridge University Library

Version 1.1 © December 2021

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© 2021 - Justin J. Van Rensburg. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons International license: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for non-commercial purposes, providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work).

Attribution should include the following information:

Justin J. Van Rensburg, Ele Ha-Sodot - The Hebrew Revelation, 2021, www.HebrewGospels.com

We plan to publish the transcripts + translations of the Hebrew Revelation together with James and Jude in one volume.

May the name of YHWH be praised! Shalom in Yeshua Mashiach,

The Van Rensburg family www.HebrewGospels.com

hebrewgospels@gmail.com

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Table of Contents

Footnote Symbols and Abbreviations ..................iv

Introduction........................................................1

About the Hebrew Manuscript ................. 4

Evidence of Authenticity and Interesting Readings ........... 7

Hebrew title of the Book of Revelation ......................... sss 7

Hebrew keyword repetition ...................... 12

Hebrew word play.................................. 14

Will the day-night cycle cease on the new ...................... 16

How can the tree of life be on both sides of the river? ........ 21

Is Yeshua the Alpha and Omega? ...................... 26

Inversed word Order ...................... 32

Gapping ............................................ 38

Gapping of explicit subject oou ei vaa aat 39

Gapping of explicit object ...................... sss 42

Mistranslation in the Greek version .............................. sss. 45

Was YHWH translated as Theos? ו‎ 47

About the Transcript ...................... 51 

About the Translation ...............:.. ‎ 54

Transcript of Ele Ha-Sodot (Hebrew Revelation) ........... 57a

Translation of Ele Ha-Sodot (Hebrew Revelation) ........ 57

Glossary...................... 113

Manuscript Photos ...................... 117

iv

Footnote Symbols and Abbreviations

Double quotation marks are used for direct quotations, literal meanings, non-paraphrase alternative translations, etc.

Single quotation marks are used for alternative translations which are paraphrased, transliterated

words, etc. Alt. Alternative, alternatively E.g. For example l.e. That is Lit. Literally Ms. Manuscript Par. Paragraph Pl. Plural P(p). Page(s) Vol. Volume

Vs. Versus

Introduction

Every author of the New Testament was either a Jew or a proselyte of the Jews.' So, is it even possible that the entire New Testament was originally composed in Greek? Scholars used to teach? that Hebrew was a ‘dead language’ in New Testament times, but the Dead Sea Scrolls? together with the

! E.g. Luke, author of the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts. ? E.g. “...one of the main traditional arguments... was that Jesus spoke Aramaic because there was nothing else for him to speak unless he spoke Greek." — James Barr (Professor of Semitic Languages), "Which language did Jesus speak? — Some remarks of a Semitist," University of Manchester, John Rylands Library, 1970, p. 21. “Hebrew was not a living language any longer." — A.T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, 1919, p. 94. ? E.g. "...the majority of the Dead Sea Scrolls were written in Hebrew... [and] include biblical texts, non-biblical literary works, and documents such as deeds and letters. ...These texts illustrate the vitality of the

Hebrew language in ancient Judea." — www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn- about-the-scrolls/languages-and-scripts (Accessed Dec. 2021.)

"The Qumran Caves Scrolls ...dates range from the third century BCE... to the first century [CE]... While Hebrew is the most frequently used language in the Scrolls, about 1596 were written in Aramaic and several in Greek." — www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn-about-the- scrolls/introduction (Accessed Dec. 2021.)

"Indeed, it is generally believed that the Dead Sea Scrolls, specifically the Copper Scroll [50 — 100 C.E.] and also the Bar-Kokhba letters [« 135 C.E.], have furnished clear evidence of the popular character of MH [Mishnaic Hebrew]." — Miguel Pérez Fernández, An Introductory Grammar of Rabbinic Hebrew, 1997, p. 3.

2 Introduction

Mishna' provide ample evidence that Hebrew was still a living language around the first century C.E.!

Furthermore, there is internal evidence in a number of New Testament books that the original autograph was written in Hebrew. Some of these indications are even clearly visible in Greek-based English translations! Let's discuss one example:

Most Western Christians know exactly two Hebrew words: ‘Amen’ and ‘Hallelujah.’ That's all, except for a few Hebrew names of course. So, what do such people typically assume? They just assume that it is normal for anyone and everyone to know only these two Hebrew words. They don't even realize that the original authors of the New Testament would have known more than two Hebrew words!

Interestingly, the Book of Revelation uses both these Hebrew words, 'Amen' and 'Hallelujah'! Revelation 19:4 (ESV):

"And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who was seated on the throne, saying, ‘Amen. Hallelujah!”

1 “ „what was the language of ordinary life of educated native Jews in Jerusalem and Judea in the period from 400 B.C.E. to 150 C.E.? The evidence presented by MH [Mishnaic Hebrew] and its literature leaves no doubt that that language was MH [Mishnaic Hebrew]. Of course, those educated Judeans also understood Aramaic, and used it even in writing, but only occasionally, and not habitually..." M.H. Segal, A Grammar of Mishnaic Hebrew, 1980, p. 13. ? All emphasis throughout introductory sections were added for clarity. However, in the transcript / translation section, emphasis in English translation reflects emphasis in Hebrew text.

3 Introduction

Let's just stop to ask the question: "If John used Hebrew words like ‘Amen’ and ‘Hallelujah’, why are we taught that the entire Book of Revelation was originally written in Greek?” Below are three hypothetical excuses:

1. “Perhaps Revelation was given in Hebrew, but John translated everything into Greek ‘on the fly’ and only retained two Hebrew words, ‘Amen’ and ‘Hallelujah. 2. “John could not speak Hebrew and only knew these two Hebrew words (just like us Western Christians) - and thus Revelation was graciously given to him in Greek!" 3. “Perhaps John could speak Hebrew, but the heavenly beings who praised the Most High in Revelation 7:11- 12 and 19:4 do not speak Hebrew. In fact, everything in heaven is spoken in Greek and only two Hebrew words are used, ‘Amen’ and 'Hallelujah.""

Doesn't this sound ridiculous? Well, this is the dilemma which many New Testament scholars face. To advocate that Revelation was originally written in Greek, they have to believe one of these absurd proposals just mentioned.

It would make much more sense to say that John wrote the original copy in Hebrew; that YHWH, Yeshua and the heavenly beings in heaven speak Hebrew; and that the Greek translation of Revelation was only made afterwards, using the original Hebrew text. If the inspired message of Revelation was given in Hebrew, why would John only record a second-hand

! See e.g. Acts 26:14.

4 About Manuscript

Greek translation, allowing the original Hebrew prophecy to be lost for ever?

One should keep in mind that there were Messianic Jews throughout the Mediterranean region and the Middle East who would have been able to read the original Hebrew version, and translate that into Greek, Latin or Aramaic as needed by non-Jewish believers in the assembly.’

Thus, using merely an English translation of Revelation and some common sense, it is obvious that Revelation could not originally have been written in Greek, but was rather originally written in Hebrew.

In the sections to follow, we will discuss technical linguistic proofs from this Hebrew manuscript which confirm the Hebrew origin of Revelation.

About the Hebrew Manuscript

The Hebrew manuscript used for this translation of Revelation is from the Cambridge University Library, ms. O0.1.16.°

! The Old-Testament scriptures were also originally composed in Hebrew and were only later translated into Greek, Aramaic and various

other languages when deemed necessary.

? Photos of the applicable folios can be seen on pp. 117 - 6.

5 About Manuscript

Interestingly, it was found in one of the Jewish Synagogues in Cochin, India!'

The first part of this manuscript is written in a semi-cursive script and contains Acts - Ephesians. The second part is written in a very small cursive script and fits the whole Revelation on only five folios!? Throughout the manuscript there are various Hebrew notes by past readers. The notes are generally either neutral? or negative,^ but there are also some positive? comments! It should also be noted that the scribes of the Cochin Hebrew New Testament manuscripts did not delete the instances where the original authors referred to Yeshua as the Messiah.^

! A similar manuscript, ms. Oo.1.32, was also found in 1806 by Buchanan in Cochin, India. Unfortunately, these two manuscripts have not received much attention over the past 200 years since they were brought to the U.K. ? Written on both sides — ms. Oo.1.16, folios 102r - 106v. 3 E.g. notes containing a summary of several verses, a reference to similar passages in the Old Testament, or notes correcting mistakes (genuine or apparent). ^ E.g. at Rev. 7:10, a reader commented, "קשה"‎ (difficult!). ? E.g. at Rev. 21, a reader commented, ("This chapter is very good! Good!‏ "זה פרק טוב מאד" "טוב" "טוב" Good). Revelation 15:3 has the following note:‏ (‘This is very good as it is zealous for‏ "זה הרבה טוב שהקדים למשה" Moses,’ or possibly ‘It is very good that he was zealous for Moses’).‏ 5 Although the word ‘Messiah’ is at times less frequent in the Cochin Hebrew New Testament manuscripts than ‘Christ’ in the Greek New Testament, there was no attempt to entirely obliterate the instances where the original authors referred to Yeshua as the Messiah. In contrast, the Shem Tov version of Matthew (as part of an anti- missionary book) deletes every instance where the writer Matthew

6 About manuscript

Internal evidence indicates that not all the books in this manuscript' derive from the same source. For example, the first part? of the manuscript does not contain the indications of authenticity expected in a faithful copy of an original Hebrew document. Rather, it is quite similar to the Aramaic (Syriac) Peshitta,? and also contains Aramaic or Aramaic-like words, not properly translated into Hebrew.*

In contrast, the second part? of this C.U.L. Oo.1.16 manuscript contains many differences when compared to the Greek, Latin, and Aramaic versions. It also shows the many linguistic evidences of authenticity expected in a genuine copy of an original Hebrew document: gapping of explicit subjects and objects; Hebrew word plays; inversed word order, Hebrew keywords linking sections together; and differences which

himself calls Yeshua the Messiah. In the Greek version of Matthew, the author refers to Yeshua as the Messiah in: Mat.1:1; 1:17; 1:18; 11:2. The Shem Tov Matthew never once refers to Yeshua as the Messiah from the author's perspective. ! This also proves to be true of the Oo.1.32 manuscript. ? Acts — Ephesians, written in semi-cursive script. ? For examples where Oo.1.16 agrees with the Peshitta against other versions see Act. 8:9 (Peshitta “I, | am great"); Act. 8:25 (Peshitta “word of God"); Act. 8:26 (Peshitta omits "that is desert"); Act. 2:30 (Peshitta "| will cause to sit"); 2 Cor. 6:2 (Peshitta uses “life” for ‘salvation’); etc. ^ Post-exilic Hebrew (e.g. in the biblical books Ezra & Nehemiah) does contain Aramized words, but see the following list of unusual Aramaisms in part one of Oo.1.16 which suggest an Aramaic sub-text and incomplete translation: "קודסא"‎ for "הקודש"‎ (Act. 1:5,8); "כהנא"‎ for "11211" (Act. 9:2); "192" for ODDIN” (Eph. 6:21,23); "ידעינן"‎ for "יודעים אנחנו"‎ (1Cor. 8:4); "רצונה"‎ for "רצונו"‎ (1Cor. 7:37); "העמיד"‎ for "הטביל"‎ and "תעמדו"‎ for "תטבלו"‎ (Act. 1:5), etc. ? Only includes Revelation, written in small cursive script.

7 Evidence of Authenticity

indicate mistranslations in the Greek version.' It does not contain the many Peshitta-based Aramaisms found in part one of the manuscript? and can in no way be seen as a translation from the Greek, Latin or Aramaic versions.

Evidence of Authenticity and Interesting Readings

This Hebrew manuscript of Revelation is the most interesting and amazing version of the book known to us. In this section we will discuss a few of the many interesting differences between the Hebrew and Greek traditions, as well as linguistic indications of authenticity in this Hebrew manuscript.

Hebrew title of the Book of Revelation

Incidentally, we don't need to search very far to find interesting

! Examples will be explained below in: Evidence of Authenticity. ? Post-exilic Hebrew did use some Aramized words. Unlike the first part of this manuscript, the few Aramaic words that do occur in this Hebrew Revelation do not correspond to the forms used in the Peshitta. For example, Rev. 8:1 uses the Biblical Aramaic expression which indicates ‘a moment’ rather than ‘an hour’.‏ "כשעה חדא" 3 We have also investigated other Hebrew copies of Revelation: Sloane 237 from the British library, Neofiti.33 from the Vatican Library, Hébreu 131 from the National Library of France — none of which proved to be linguistically authentic.

8 Evidence of Authenticity

differences in the Hebrew Revelation. In fact, the first interesting difference is in chapter one, verse one!

"These are the confidential counsels (sodot) which YHWH! gave to Yeshua? Ha-Mashiach®..."4

The very word from which the title 'Revelation' is usually obtained, is different in this Hebrew version! Rather than the expected ‘revelation’ which would be ‘chazon’ in Hebrew, we find 'sodot' instead.

'Sodot' is the plural form of ‘sod’ and does not mean "revelation," but rather "confidential counsels" or "secrets." Thus the Hebrew title for the Book of Revelation should really be Ele Ha-Sodot® meaning ‘These are the Confidential Counsels. To some people this might sound like a meaningless

! The manuscript uses the Hebrew abbreviation ‘nm’ (he) for “Ha-Shem,” which literally means ‘The Name.’ For further discussion on this abbreviation ‘7’ (he), see pp. 47-51. We have replaced ‘Ha-Shem’ with transliterated consonants of ‘the Name’ itself: “YHWH.” As for pronunciation, the only grammatically possible pronunciation, from which all other abbreviations / contractions can be formed, is ‘Yah-weh.’ For more information see www.HebrewGospels.com/yhwh .

? The Hebrew name for ‘Jesus’. 3 Or ‘The Messiah.’ ^ Rev. 1:1, translated from Oo.1.16.

? Or ‘Chizayon,’ “ "חזון‎ or "חזיון"‎ in Hebrew - See translations by Franz Delitzsch and by Salkinson / Ginsburg.

5 This title could also be shortened to ‘Sodot’ (Confidential counsels). Compare the Hebrew title for Deuteronomy, ‘Ele Ha-Devarim,’ shortened to ‘Devarim.’ Hebrew titles for Bible books are often formed from a keyword or phrase in the first verse of the applicable book.

9 Evidence of Authenticity

variant, but interestingly, this Hebrew word ‘sod’ is repeated in several passages throughout the book.

Authentic Hebrew documents often contain such repeated keywords, and this can link together some seemingly unrelated verses or passages. Let's consider an example from the Tanach (Old Testament):

Jeremiah 1:11-12: "What do you see Yirmeyahu?'! Then | said, ‘| see an almond branch.’ Then YHWH said to me, ‘You have seen well, for | am watching over my word to do ".זו‎

In most English translations it is very difficult to see any connection between this vision and its interpretation. What does ‘an almond branch’ have to do with ‘watching’?

Well, in Hebrew this makes perfect sense, as a key root-word is repeated in the vision as well as in the interpretation! The Hebrew word for “almond” is ‘shaged,’ and the Hebrew word for "watching" is 'shoged'" Both these words are formed from the same root-word as shown below:

Root-word: שקד‎ Shagad Almond: שקד‎ Shaged Watching: שקד‎ Shoged

1 Hebrew name for ‘Jeremiah.’ 2 Jer. 1:11-12, Translated from the Masoretic Text. In Hebrew: PBB אֶלִי‎ TIT TNE אֲנִי ראָה:‎ Tey מקל‎ TOR) vp ראָה‎ TRR..." "pego "Ya Op אָנִי‎ TRR MNT?

10 Evidence of Authenticity

Sadly, such keyword connections in the original Hebrew are nearly always lost in translation, not only in English but even in Greek! The Greek Septuagint translators rendered the Hebrew words 'shaged' and 'shoged' as two Greek words which sound very different: 'karuinen' and 'egregora."'

Because most languages do not use similar words for ‘almonds’ and ‘watching,’ only the original Hebrew version fully preserves this beautiful keyword link.’

Now, with this background, let's get back to Revelation and the Hebrew word Sod. Not only does this word occur in chapter one verse one, but also in:

Revelation 1:20: "Now the confidential counsel (sod) of the seven stars..."

וו

Revelation 10:7: “...all these confidential counsels (sodot) of YHWH will be completed...”

Revelation 17:5: “... The secret (sod) of the Great City Bavel..."

1 Jer. 1:11-12 in Septuagint Greek: “ti ol 6066 pepa Kai eina Baktnpiav kapuivnv. kai elev küptoc rtpó HE KAAWS EWPAKAC SLOTL £yprjyopa éyw ni 6טסד‎ Aóyouc pou TOU noioa 000" ? Second-hand translations can use (i) “almond” and “watching” which do not have any similarities in sound or meaning in most languages, or (ii) could be overly literal and translate both these words as "watching." But either way, half the original meaning is lost. In Hebrew the words 'shaged' and ‘shoged’ perform double duty: they mean “almond” and "watching" and at the same time they have similar sounds as well as similar literal meanings.

11 Evidence of Authenticity

Revelation 17:7: “...l want to tell you the secret (sod ) of the woman..."

Thus in the Hebrew version there is a clear theme throughout the book, starting in chapter one, verse one!

However, the Greek version of Revelation uses ‘apokalupsis' (meaning ‘appearance’ or ‘revelation’) in chapter one verse one, probably to interpret or explain to the reader that the secrets are now revealed. But just as we saw in the above example from Jeremiah, part of this keyword-based theme is lost in the Greek translation. The Greek word ‘apokalupsis' only occurs once in the entire Greek Revelation — with zero repetition! Also, reconstructed Hebrew translations which follow the Greek reading, all use words related to 'reveal' or ‘appear’ in this verse, unlike this Hebrew manuscript.

Thus the Hebrew reading of Oo.1.16 for Revelation 1:1 is linguistically authentic, and not a second-hand translation, because:

1. The Hebrew reading enables a keyword-based theme throughout the book, and

1 Greek: "AnokáAuuUtc". ? “rn” (vision / revelation) and "חזיון"‎ (vision / revelation) are generally used in translations - see translations by Franz Delitzsch and by Salkinson / Ginsburg. Others use e.g. “rbn” (revelation) - see Hébreu 131 from the National Library of France.

12 Evidence of Authenticity 

2. the Hebrew reading differs' from the Greek, Latin, and Aramaic versions by not using any form of ‘reveal’ or ‘appear’ in chapter one, verse one.”

If the Hebrew Revelation of Oo.1.16 derived from any Greek- based version, the above difference should not have existed.

Hebrew keyword repetition

Another example of section linking is found in the letter to the assembly of Smyrna. Even in standard English translations we can see that some form of the word 'die' is repeated in the introduction, exhortation, and promise sections:

Introduction: "The words of the first and the last, who died and came to life."?

Exhortation: "Be faithful unto death...”4

Promise: "The one who conquers will not be hurt by the second death."

! Some other keyword-based themes can also be seen in the Greek and Greek-based translations, and such themes which are visible in all versions cannot indicate authenticity for any particular version. ? The Hebrew manuscript does have the word "revealed" in an introductory scribal heading, but not in the actual text of chapter one verse one, where it would be expected if it were a translation from any Greek-based version of Revelation. ? Rev. 2:8, ESV. ^ Rev. 2:10, ESV. > Rev. 2:11, ESV.

13 Evidence of Authenticity

Although the above theme with the keyword "die" is visible in any translation of Revelation, a second keyword is also repeated in this Hebrew manuscript of Revelation:

Acknowledgment: "| know your works and your sufferings..."

Exhortation: "...you will have suffering forten days...”

Promise: “Whosoever overcomes will not have suffering from the last death.”?

The Hebrew word repeated three times is "צער"‎ (fsa'ar) or "צערות"‎ (tsa‘arot) in the plural.

Although the Greek and Latin versions use the same word for ‘suffering’ twice,* this Hebrew manuscript repeats the same word a third time in the concluding section!

Following the Greek tradition, the Aramaic Peshitta and Greek- to-Hebrew translations do repeat the word for 'suffering' in verses 9 and 10, but not in verse 11.° Why can't any Greek-

! Rev. 2:8 [2:9], translated from Oo.1.16. ? Rev. 2:9 [2:10], translated from Oo.1.16. ? Rev. 2:10 [2:11], translated from Oo.1.16. ^ See below, the Greek, Latin and Aramaic words used in Rev. 2:9-11 which correspond to the repeated Hebrew word Tsa'ar. Greek: "Aüpw... BATWLV ...&ó6un8rj" Latin: "tribulationem... tribulationem ... laedetur" 5 Aramaic Peshitta: "אולצנך... אולצנא...נהר"‎ "צרתך... בצרה... ינזק" Dalman / Delitzch:‏ "צרתך... צרה... יפנע בו" Salkinson / Ginsburg:‏ National Library of France, Hébreu 131: "צרתך... צרה... ינזק"‎

14 Evidence of Authenticity

based Hebrew translations repeat the same word again in verse 11? Because the Greek subtext of these translations uses a very different word in verse 11 than earlier in verses 9 and 10, and thus all subsequent translations follow suit.

Thus, the repeated keyword in this particular Hebrew manuscript (in verses 9, 10 and 11) is clear evidence that it cannot possibly be a translation from Greek, Latin nor Aramaic. This means that the Oo.1.16 Hebrew manuscript of Revelation has to derive from the original Hebrew version, as it preserves keyword themes which were lost in the Greek version and subsequent translations.

Hebrew wordplay

Similar to Hebrew keyword themes, Hebrew word play is also an important indication of authenticity. A good example of Hebrew word play is found in Revelation 3:

"Thus says... he who has the key of Dawid, who opens and no one is able to shut, and who shuts and no one is able to open: a ‘| know your works. Look, | gave before you an open door and no one is able to shut ite

now

This Hebrew wordplay involves the words "key," “open” and “door.” Although we can see a logical or functional connection in any language, this Hebrew manuscript uses the same root

1 Rev. 3:7-8, translated from Oo.1.16.

15 Evidence of Authenticity

in each of these words, which results in a beautiful word play with internal rhyme:

Root-word: פתח‎ Patach The key: המפתח‎ Ha-Maphteach Who opens: הפותח‎ Ha-Poteach To open: לפתוח‎ Liphtoach Open (adjective): פתוח‎ Patuach Door: פתח‎ Petach

This internal rhyme between the words ‘key,’ ‘open’ and ‘door’ is neither found in the Greek, Latin, nor Aramaic versions of Revelation!' First of all, this indicates that Revelation was originally dictated by Yeshua in Hebrew, as this word play is only possible in Hebrew!

Secondly, the internal rhyme again shows that this particular manuscript of Revelation is authentic. Although Greek-to- Hebrew translations can reclaim part of this word play,” it is not as impressive as the original Hebrew reading. These

1 Comparison of actual inflected forms found in Revelation 3:7-8.

, Hebrew Latin Aramaic ENGEN (Oo.1.16) SIEGE Vulgate Peshitta the key המפתח‎ iv 00 clavem קלידא‎ who opens הפותח‎ 6 Gvoiywv qui aperit דפתח‎ door פתח‎ 00pav ostium תרעא‎

2 |n the translations by Franz Delitzsch and by Salkinson / Ginsburg only the words for "open" and "key" are from the same root.

16 Evidence of Authenticity

translations do not use the word ‘petach' for “door,” but rather 'sha'ar' or ‘delet’ As a result, only the words for "open" and "key" can rhyme in Hebrew translations derived from Greek, but the word for "door" does not form part of the rhyme.

Thus, no Hebrew translation derived from Greek should contain this full word play, and yet the Hebrew Revelation in the Oo.1.16 manuscript does. One cannot escape the conclusion that this particular Hebrew manuscript must be a faithful copy which contains original Hebrew readings and word plays.

Will the day-night cycle cease on the new earth?

Many people perceive the Book of Revelation as a difficult prophetic book, partly because it can be challenging to reconcile certain prophecies in the Old Testament with those given in Revelation. For example, Revelation 22:5 translated from Greek says:

n1

"Night will no longer exist... And chapter 21:25 states:

"its gates will never be shut by day, for there will be no night there.”

! Rev. 22:5, Holman Christian Standard Bible. Some translations: "night will be no more". ? Rev. 21:25, translated from Greek.

17 Evidence of Authenticity

Based on the above verses translated from the Greek version of Revelation, many scholars' have concluded that the day- night cycle will cease on the new earth, and that it will always be day as “its gates will never be shut by day, for there will be

no night there.”

However, Revelation 20:10 mentions “day and night,” and chapter 22:2 mentions “every month,” which could only be possible if day and night continued as before.

YHWH himself also declared that Sabbaths and New Moons will be kept on the new earth:

“For as the new heavens and the new earth which | will make, will remain before me, declares YHWH, so will your offspring and your name remain. And it will be, that from Sabbath to Sabbath, and from New Moon to New Moon,” all flesh will come to bow down before me, says YHWH."^

! See e.g. Exposition of the Book of Revelation, New Testament Commentary, vol. 20, pp. 579, 582: "the cessation of night... ... ... in the new creation the cosmic division of night and day will have ceased to function"; Revelation, Baker exegetical commentary on the New Testament, p. 764; The New International Greek Testament Commentary, The book of Revelation, p. 1096; The teacher's commentary, p. 1088; etc. ? Rev. 21:25, translated from Greek. ? Or "every week on the Sabbath, and every month on the New Moon..." ^ Is. 66:22-23, translated from the Masoretic Text.

18 Evidence of Authenticity

Without the day and night cycle, Sabbath is impossible, and without the lunar cycles, new moons are impossible too.

In Jeremiah chapter 33, it is stated that the day-night cycle is just as permanent as YHWH's covenant with David!

“Thus says YHWH, ‘If you can break my covenant with the day, and my covenant with the night, so that daytime and night-time will not be in their time — then my covenant will also be broken with Dawid my servant, that he will have no son ruling as king upon his throne..."

Yeshua Messiah is the ultimate fulfilment of this prophecy about the 'Son of David.' So how can we on the one hand believe that the day-night cycle will cease, but on the other hand still think that the covenant with David regarding the Messiah will never be broken?

Based on the above-mentioned verses from Isaiah and Jeremiah, there is absolutely no way that the day-night cycle will cease. So, why does the Greek Revelation only mention daytime in chapter 21:25 as if there will be no night at all?

“..its gates will never be shut by day, for there will be no night there.”

1 Jer. 33:20-21, translated from the Masoretic Text. ? Rev. 21:25, translated from Greek Textus Receptus.

19 Evidence of Authenticity

Remarkably, the Hebrew version of Revelation quotes! from the Old Testament both in chapter 21:25 and 22:5, and this clears up most of the confusion caused by these verses in the Greek version! Revelation 21:25 (mostly quoted from Isaiah 60:11):

Oo.1.16:

"ופתחו שעריך תמיד יומם ולילה לא יסגרו כי לא יהיה לילהי

= “And your gates will be open continually, day and night they will not be shut, for there will not be night.”

In this Hebrew version of Revelation there is no hint that the day-night cycle will cease as it clearly mentions both “day and

night.”

But, how is it possible that “day and night” “there will not be night"? How can there be night, and at the same time, no night? This is only a seeming contradiction. In Hebrew, ‘night’ and ‘darkness’ are synonymous.’ The very first mention of ‘night’ in the Bible (Genesis 1:5), is where Elohim calls ‘the darkness’ ‘night’!

! Note that there are some minor differences between these verses in the Hebrew Revelation and the Masoretic text. This clearly shows that these phrases were NOT fraudulently inserted into Revelation just to conform it to the Old Testament. If that were the case, then why would there be any differences from the Masoretic Text? 2 For examples where “night” refers to darkness and not to a specific time of the day, see Ps. 139:11, Mic. 3:6, etc.

20 Evidence of Authenticity

“Then Elohim called the light day, and the darkness he called night..."'

Thus the correct understanding of Revelation 21:25 is that during the day and night, there will be no darkness in the New Jerusalem!

Conversely, in the Greek translation the first occurrence of "night" in Revelation 21:25 is omitted, possibly to avoid the seeming contradiction of 'night' and 'no night' at the same time. Regrettably, this omission in the Greek version only increases the possibility for confusion, as it suggests that only day will exist but no night.

Now let's discuss Revelation 22:5. In the Hebrew Revelation this verse is mostly quoted from Isaiah 60:19!

Oo.1.16:

"ולא יהיה m»‏ בה השמש לאור יומם ולננה mmm‏ לא יאיר לך mm‏ לך ה לאור עולם ואלהיך לתפארתך"

= “And in it the sun will no more be for light by day, neither for brightness will the moon shine for you,* but YHWH will be an eternal light for you, and your Elohim will be your glory.”

This verse again implies both daytime and night-time, as both the sun and the moon are mentioned! During daytime and

1 Gen. 1:5, translated from the Masoretic Text. 2 Could also be translated: “And in it the sun will no more be for light by day, and for brightness; neither will the moon shine for you...”

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night-time the New Jerusalem won't need any light except that of YHWH!

It is noteworthy that the Greek version attempts to simplify the Hebrew readings, and ‘correct’ the seeming contradictions of ‘night’ and ‘no night’ at the same time:

“Night will no longer exist, and people will not need lamplight or sunlight, because the Lord God will give

them light..."

This is typical of translations, and indicates that the Hebrew reading is the original while the Greek reading is a translation which attempts to superficially ‘fix’ the problem.

However, careful study shows that the more difficult, seeming contradictory Hebrew Revelation is perfectly understandable. It matches the Old Testament prophecies about the permanence of the day-night cycle as well as the Hebrew meaning of ‘night’.

How can the tree of life be on both sides of the river?

The "tree of life" in Revelation 22 is another controversial topic. Translated from Greek, Revelation 22:2 reads:

! Rev. 22:5, Holman Christian Standard Bible.

22 Evidence of Authenticity

“On both sides of the river was the tree of life bearing 12 kinds of fruit... The leaves of the tree are for healing the nations"!

How can the "tree of life" be on both sides of the river at the same time? This question has intrigued many people. Without the essential knowledge of the Hebrew meaning of "tree," many erroneous interpretations have been fabricated.

Some have suggested that the tree of life grows in the middle of the river with branches extending to both sides.” Others think that the tree of life has a split trunk extending across the river, so that the tree literally grows on both sides at the same time.’ It has even been speculated that the tree of life is not on both sides of the river, but rather the river flows on both sides of the tree!*

! Rev. 22:2, Holman Christian Standard Bible. ? “DURHAM supposel[d], the tree was in the midst of the river, and extending its branches to both banks" — Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, and David Brown, A Commentary, Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, par. 24222. 3“ artists have represented a split-trunk tree, with one half on either side of the river of life, meeting up in the middle..." — J. Kluttz, The Spirit World, p. 55. ^ “MEDE suppose[d]... in the midst of the plain, which itself is in the midst of the river's branches, stood the tree" — Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, and David Brown, A Commentary, Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, par. 24222. "This would mean... ... in the middle of the city's street is a single tree of life, located between either side of the river, ‘which at this point has diverged into two branches.” — The New International Greek Testament

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Others say there will be three trees, one in the middle of the river, and one on either side.

Further confusion is caused by the statement that this tree will bear twelve kinds of fruit! Biblically speaking, it is absolutely impossible for any tree to bear more than one kind of fruit. Consider the following passages in Genesis:

“Let the earth cause to sprout... fruit trees bearing fruit according to their kind..."°

"The earth brought forth... trees bearing fruit with their seed inside them, according to their kind...”

The same pattern of "according to their kind" is repeated over and over throughout Genesis chapter one. The New Testament also confirms that it is impossible for one tree to bear various kinds of fruit:

Commentary: The book of Revelation, p. 1104 (Quoting from: Beasley- Murray, Revelation, p. 331). "Others say that the river of life is narrow and that it flows on both sides of the tree" — Wheaton, The Bible knowledge commentary: An exposition of the scriptures, vol. 2, p. 987. ! “for there were three trees; one in the street, and one on each side of the river" — B. Blayney, et al., Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, enhanced and expanded, vol. 2, p. 117. ? Genesis 1:11, translated from the Masoretic Text. 3 Genesis 1:12, translated from the Masoretic Text.

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“By their deeds you will recognize them - for a man is not able to gather grapes from a bramble,’ neither figs from thorn bushes."?

"Or is a tree of dates able to give oil, or a vine - figs? So the fountain is not able to give salt and sweet waters.”

Is it really possible that after all, YHWH is going to change His mind and create one tree which produces various kinds of fruit? One tree with a split trunk across the river? One tree with enough leaves to provide all the nations with medicine?

Remarkably, the Hebrew Bible again holds the key to understanding this passage! Did you know that in the above verses from Genesis 1:11 and 1:12, every occurrence of the English word “trees” (plural) is actually singular in the original Hebrew? The Hebrew word "עץ"‎ (ets) in the singular form is very often used to refer to many trees collectively. When this Hebrew word is used in the plural "עצים"‎ (etsim), it usually refers to hewn down trees or wood, and not to growing trees! For example, Genesis 22:7:

"Hobo הַשָה‎ rms D DT הָאֶש‎ ny

! Hebrew ".סנה"‎ Acc. to some sources, a brambleberry or blackberry bush. ? Matthew 7:16, translated from Hebrew, ms. Vat. Ebr. 100. ? James 3:12, translated from C.U.L. Oo.1.32. ^ Gen. 22:7, Masoretic text.

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= “Here is the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?”

Thus, in Hebrew one does not generally refer to living / growing trees by using the plural noun ",עצים"‎ but rather by using the singular noun "TZ" collectively. Therefore, the singular form “tree” in Revelation 22:2 does not even hint at one single tree, but rather refers to many trees as implied by the immediate context — they grow on both sides of the river!

Also, the Hebrew Revelation confirms that the “tree of life” refers to various kinds of fruit trees, not to one kind bearing twelve different kinds of fruit! Revelation 22:2:

Oo.1.16:

"באמצע הרחובות ועל הנחל יעלה על שפתו מזה ומזה כל עץ מאכל ועץ החים ועליו היה שניים עשר מיני פירות והיה פריו למאכל ועלהו לתרופה"

= "And in the midst! of the plains, even beside the stream, there grew up on its bank - on this side and on that side — every tree of food, even the tree of life. And on it were twelve kinds of fruit, and its fruit was for food, and its foliage for healing.”

! Or possibly “among’. ? This verse from the Hebrew Revelation is mostly quoted from Eze. 47:12. See also Eze. 47:7. ? For better understanding in English, the Hebrew collective use can be translated as plural (Most English translations do that with Eze. 47:12). "And among the plains, even besides the stream, there grew up all kinds of fruit trees — on both sides of its banks — namely, the trees of

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Take note that “every tree of food” is collectively referred to as “the tree of life.” Thus “tree” in this context means “trees” (plural).

Ezekiel 47:12 confirms that fresh fruit will be produced every month (12 times), and Ezekiel 47:7 establishes the fact that there will be many trees, not just one!

"...on the banks of the stream were exceedingly many trees, on this side and on that side."'

Thus there is no reason for creative speculation about the tree of life. The Hebrew Old Testament and the Hebrew Revelation are in perfect agreement. There will be many trees growing on both sides of the river, all kinds of fruit trees, not just one tree or one kind of tree.

Is Yeshua the Alpha and Omega?

It is common knowledge that Alpha and Omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Having already discussed some logical and linguistic evidence for the Hebrew origin of Revelation, it is rather obvious that this Greek expression ‘Alpha and Omega’ is not the original expression used in Revelation, but just the Greek translation thereof.

The question thus arises — what is the original Hebrew phrase translated into Greek as ‘Alpha’ and ‘Omega? Most people

life. And on them were twelve kinds of fruit, and their fruit was for food, and their leaves for healing". ! Eze. 47:7, translated from the Masoretic text.

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think it should be ‘Aleph’ and ‘Taw,’ the first and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet. But note that the expression "אלף ותו"‎ (Aleph and Taw) or similar, never occurs in the Hebrew Old Testament — not even once!

There is a common misunderstanding that the expression ‘Aleph and Taw’ is the same as the Hebrew object marker "את"‎ (et), which is spelled with an Aleph and a Taw, but compare the difference below:

marker of object in a sentence:'‏ = "את"

"Aleph and Taw" or ‘first and last.’‏ = "אלף ותו"

The Hebrew word "את"‎ (et) is never used with the same meaning as the expression ‘Aleph and Taw.’ ‘Aleph and Taw’ indicates ‘first and last,’ while the object marker ‘et’ merely indicates the object(s) in a sentence, or occasionally it places emphasis on a certain word. Below are some examples. The position of the Hebrew word ‘ef’ will be indicated by "(object)" in each translated phrase:

Genesis 1:1:

PNT DN) OCT אֶת‎ DION N22 moss"

^*

= “In the beginning Elohim Created (object) the heavens and (object) the earth."

! There are several other Hebrew words also spelled "את"‎ but none of these mean "first and last." ? Gen. 1:1, Masoretic text.

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Exodus 2:1:

qe‏ אִיש mam‏ לוי MBN‏ אֶתרִבַּתלָוִי:"'

= “Then a man from the house of Lewi went and took (object) the daughter of Lewi."

Often this object marker "את"‎ (ef) is essential to avoid confusion between the subject and object of a verb - compare the following two phrases:

Genesis 5:32: נח..."‎ 755..." = "...then Noach begot...” Genesis 5:25: “pny TDi...” = "then he begot

(object:) Lamech...”

The difference between the above translations is indicated and required by the presence or absence of the marker "את"‎ (et). Below is another clear example:

Joshua 7:24: יהושע..."‎ mp1." = “.then Yehoshua took..." Numbers 27:22: "... 2 DN mp...” = “...then he took

(object) Yehoshua..."

In the above examples it is clear that "את"‎ (et) does not at all mean ‘first and last, but only marks the object. In fact, there is no single example of "את"‎ in the entire Old Testament with the meaning 'first and last.'

! Ex. 2:1, Masoretic text.

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Seeing that the expression ‘Aleph and Taw’ does not occur in the Old Testament at all, and the various Hebrew words spelled "את"‎ never mean ‘first and last’ - does it make sense that the original Hebrew Revelation would have used the expression ‘Aleph and Taw’? Or could it be that the expression ‘Alpha and Omega’ in the Greek Revelation is just a fancy translation of a different original Hebrew phrase?

Let's compare the Hebrew vs. Greek versions of Revelation - there are four verses in the Greek Textus Receptus which use ‘Alpha and Omega’:

Revelation 1:8:

1n

Greek Textus Receptus:' “Ey@ sim tò A kai tò Q, apyn Kai TEAOG...”

= "| am the A(Ipha) and the O(mega), the beginning and the end...”

"אני הוא הראשון והאחרון תחילת Fr‏ 0.10

= "| am the first and the last, the beginning and the end...”

The Hebrew Revelation uses ‘first and last’ instead of ‘Alpha and Omega’! This is very unique, as all reconstructed Hebrew translations from Greek, Latin or Aramaic use either ‘Aleph and Taw’ or ‘Alpha and Omega." This unique difference suggests

1 Byzantine MT etc. read “AAda” instead of just "A". ? Dalman / Delitzch: mz "הָאֶלְף‎ Salkinson / Ginsburg: ^m "אֶלְף‎

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that the Hebrew Revelation is not merely a secondhand translation from Greek. Below are the three other applicable verses:

Revelation 1:11: Greek Textus Receptus:' “Ey siu tò A Kai tò Q,..." = "| am the A(Ipha) and the O(mega)...” 00.1.16: "אני הראשון והאחרון..."‎ = "| am the first and the last..."

Revelation 21:6:

Greek Textus Receptus:* "yó sip tò A Kai Tò Q, À à py Kai TO 1£AOG..."

= "| am the A(Ipha) and the O(mega), the beginning and the end..."

"אני הראשון והאחרון תחילת והסוף..." Oo.1.16:‏

= "| am the first and the last, the beginning and the end..."

Revelation 22:13:

National Library of France, Hébreu 131: וְאומָגֶה"‎ NEON” 1 Byzantine MT etc. omit this phrase. ? Byzantine MT etc. read “AAda” instead of just "A".

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Greek Textus Receptus:' "yó siu tò A Kai tÒ ©, apy} Kal TEAOG, Ó TPOTOsG kai 0 60000706,"

= "| am the A(Ipha) and the O(mega), the beginning and theend, the first and the last.”

"אני הראשון והאחרון תחילת והסוף..." :00.1.16

= "| am the first and the last, the beginning and the end...”

It is fascinating that the Hebrew Revelation does not use ‘Aleph and Taw’ nor ‘Alpha and Omega’ even once! Instead, it uses the phrase ‘first and last,’ which is also (not surprisingly) found in the Old Testament!

Isaiah 44:6:

"N צִבָאָוֹת‎ TIT? PNT] ONT! TIT אָמַר‎ n"

אִין אֶלְהִים:"?‎ PPE אחרון‎ BS] ראשון‎

= "Thus says YHWH the king of Yisrael, and his Redeemer YHWH Tseva'ot, | am the first, and | am the last, and except for me there is no Elohim."

It is very important to note that in Revelation 22:13, Yeshua himself claims to be the first and the last! When compared with the above verse from Isaiah 44 it is clear that Yeshua

1 Byzantine MT etc. read "AAda" instead of just “A”, and place the phrase ‘the beginning and the end’ after ‘the first and the last’. ? |s. 44:6, Masoretic Text.

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claimed that he himself is YHWH (and not the Greek ‘Alpha and Omega’)!

Isaiah 48:12-13: POS אחרון: אף ידי יָסָדָה‎ "ON אַף‎ DUNT CN NIT..." "DY TED ra)

= "..| am he: | am the first, also | am the last, also my hand founded the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens...”

By claiming to be the first and the last, Yeshua claimed that he is YHWH, and the Creator of heaven and earth!?

As shown above, the Hebrew Revelation clearly matches the Old Testament phrase ‘first and last,’ and neither uses the Greek ‘Aloha and Omega’ nor the non-Biblical Hebrew expression ‘Aleph and Taw’!

Inversed word order

Inversed word order is one of the frequent differences between the original Hebrew and the second-hand Greek Septuagint translation of the Old Testament.

Possibly for stylistic reasons, or otherwise simply because of carelessness, the Greek translators of the Septuagint often

1 Is. 48:12-13, Masoretic Text. ? Compare John chapter one in the www.HebrewGospels.com version.

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reversed the order of two words or phrases when they translated from the original Hebrew text.

This phenomenon should not be confused with differences in syntactical order, which is required by Greek vs. Hebrew grammar. For example, the Greek word ‘gar’ (meaning ‘for,’ etc.) usually stands in the ‘second position’ (as the second word in a clause), but the Hebrew equivalent ‘47’ is normally in the 'first position' (similar to English). When scholars revert a Greek translation back to Hebrew, they can easily move the Hebrew equivalent ‘7’ to the correct position in the clause, as this difference is simply required by Hebrew grammar as opposed to Greek grammar.

Below is an example where the Septuagint Greek translation has two words in the opposite order than the Hebrew Masoretic Text, without any grammatical requirement:

Genesis 30:43: Hebrew Masoretic Text:

וּנְמָלִים נחמרים"‎ mam ninay”

= "female servants and male servants and camels and asses"

Greek Septuagint: “raidecg Kai 0100060 Kai Kópm]Aot Kai óvot

= "male servants and female servants and camels and asses"

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The order of the words is clearly different in the Greek translation than the original Hebrew.

Now let us look at an example where two phrases are in the opposite order:

Ezekiel 5:12:

Hebrew Masoretic Text:

"...2272 יפלו סֶבִיבותִיך... לְכָלדרוּח "TS‏

ete

= "will fall round about you by the sword... | will

scatter to every wind...”

Greek Septuagint: “sic návta &vguov 00 AVTOUC... EV POLOAIG TEDODVTAL KÜKÀQ GOV..."

= "...| will scatter them to every wind... will fall round

about you by the sword..."

In this example it is clear that the two phrases are in the opposite order in the Hebrew, compared to the Greek. This phenomenon is very common when comparing the Greek translation vs. the Hebrew text of the Old Testament. In fact, there are at least eighty' (80) verses in Genesis alone, where the Greek Septuagint uses a different? order than the Hebrew, without any grammatical requirement!

! Manually confirmed Accordance search using the MT-LXX parallel. ? Mostly two words or phrases are placed in the opposite order (as shown in the above examples), but some differences are more complicated. Though these differences are often invisible in English

35 Evidence of Authenticity

To reiterate, it is evident that Greek translators / editors very often made these changes in word / phrase order, even where grammar does not require it to be done.

Scholars have attempted to translate the Greek Septuagint back to Hebrew in an attempt to reclaim the Hebrew text on which the Septuagint was based. However, except where grammar demands a different order, even scholars do not know in which instances the word order needs to be changed, and in which the word order needs to remain the same as in the Greek text.

Similarly, Greek-based Hebrew translations of Revelation leave e.g. lists of nouns in the exact same order as in the Greek, because grammar does not demand a specific order for such lists of nouns."

So, if this Hebrew version of Revelation is simply a translation, we should never see non-grammatical inversed word order when compared to the standard versions — but we do. Below are some* examples where the word order in the Hebrew Revelation is different than the Greek, without any grammatical requirement:

Revelation 3:12:

00.1.16: "75s מירושלים החדש העיר‎ nem

translations of the Masoretic Text vs. the Septuagint, they are very clearly visible in the actual Greek vs. Hebrew texts. 1 See e.g. translations by Franz Delitzsch and by Salkinson / Ginsburg. * There are many other occurrences which are not listed here.

Evidence of Authenticity 36

= "the name of the new Yerushalayim, ' the city of my Elohim"

Greek Textus Receptus: “tO óvopa Tic 06006 TOD 6600 pov, Ths Katviic 1600060"

= “the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem”

Revelation 4:5:

00.1.16: "קולות ורעמים וברקים"‎ = "voices and thunders and lightnings"

Greek Textus Receptus:* “dotpazai koi Bpovtai Kai povai”

= "lightnings and thunders and voices” Revelation 5:1: 00.1.16: "וזה שישב על הכסא ראיתי ביד ימינו ספר אחד"‎

= “And he who sat on the throne - | saw a scroll in his right hand...”

1 Hebrew name for ‘Jerusalem’. Other Greek versions “Gotparai kai dwvai kai Bpovtai” — still in different order than Oo.1.16.

Evidence of Authenticity 37

Greek Textus Receptus: “Kai sidov &ri tijv deE1av tod Kaðnuévov Eri TOD 0póvou BiBAiov"

= “And | saw in the right hand of him who sat on the throne a book..."

Revelation 9:15: Oo.1.16:

maso‏ השליש מבני אדם בשעה וביום ובחודש ובשנה אחד"

= 'to kill the third of the sons of man in an hour and in a day and in a month and in a year"

Greek Textus Receptus: “tv dpav koi uépav Kai uf|va. Kai éviavtOv, iva AMOKTELVMOL TO TpiTOV TOV avOpamav.”

= “...an hour and a day and a month and a year, to kill the third of men"

Revelation 14:9:

"להפסל ולהחיה" :00.1.16

= "to the image and to the animal”

Greek Textus Receptus: "tò Onpiov... Kai thv eikóva"

= "the animal and its image"

From the above examples, it is evident that the Hebrew Revelation often has a different word order than the Greek

Evidence of Authenticity 38

translation, just as the Hebrew Masoretic Text often has words or phrases in an order which differs from the second-hand Septuagint translation.

In each of the above examples from the Hebrew Revelation:

1. There is no grammatical requirement for the difference in word order, and 2. the scholarly Greek-based translations to Hebrew have each of these phrases in the same order as the Greek, and 3. the Hebrew word order in Oo.1.16 is also different than that of the Aramaic Peshitta and Latin Vulgate.

These differences in word order in this particular Hebrew Revelation is yet another clear indication that it is linguistically authentic. It must derive from the original Hebrew version and cannot be obtained from the Greek, Aramaic, or Latin versions.

Gapping

Word ‘gapping’ is frequent in the Hebrew Old Testament as well as in other authentic Hebrew documents. Gapped words are understood in the Hebrew text without being explicitly written out. Greek translators often inserted these ‘gapped’ words into their translations, and once that is done, we have a problem. When such a Greek translation is reverted back to Hebrew, nobody knows which nouns, verbs, etc. were originally gapped, and which were part of the original text.

39 Evidence of Authenticity

Thus, Greek-based Hebrew translations of Revelation simply have the Greek text translated into Hebrew with virtually no gapping. Below we will focus on two kinds of ‘gapping’ in the Hebrew Revelation of Oo.1.16 that cannot be reclaimed from the Greek, Aramaic, or Latin versions, and are thus evidence of linguistic authenticity. In these examples, Hebrew grammar and syntax do not require gapping and thus reconstructed Hebrew translations from Greek (e.g. by Franz Delitzch and by Salkinson etc.) do not have these words gapped.

Gapping of explicit subject:

Explicit subject gapping is very common in the Hebrew Old Testament. A sentence (or paragraph) will often only define the subject once (or perhaps twice), and afterwards simply refer to the subject as "he," "she" or "they," etc. We even do this in English, but not to the same extent as found in Classical / Biblical Hebrew. Below is an example of explicit subject

gapping: Genesis 3:1: Hebrew Masoretic Text: "WRI ON "DN" = "then he [the serpent] said to the woman"

In the above example, the explicit subject [the serpent] has been supplied (added) in square brackets, but it is not actually written in the Hebrew Text! We say that the explicit subject is ‘gapped,’ or ‘understood by context.’ Only by reading the

40 Evidence of Authenticity

context can we know that the ‘he’ in Genesis 3:1 refers to the serpent and not to YHWH nor to Adam.

In cases where confusion might occur, translators often insert the implied explicit subject to help their readers understand the text without any difficulty. (In most translations, this is done without any indication - no brackets or font change is used!) For example, in the above verse from Genesis chapter 3, the Greek Septuagint translation inserts the Greek word for ‘serpent’ to eliminate any ambiguity.

Genesis 3:1:

Greek Septuagint: “Kai cizev 6 6016 TH yovatki"

= "then the serpent said to the woman”

Thus, if we compare two texts of the Bible in different languages, and find that an explicit subject is gapped in the one but supplied in the other, we know that the less interpretive version 15 closer to the original. This argument is especially strong in a context where confusion 15 likely to occur if the subject is not stated explicitly.) Translators always strive to remove any possible ambiguity from their translations. If the resultant translation could cause confusion, translators would not leave out the explicit subject if it existed in the original text.

Now, let's look at such an example of explicit subject gapping in the Hebrew Revelation:

! See our introduction to Mark for a good example from the Old

Testament. (www.HebrewGospels.com/mark)

41 Evidence of Authenticity 

Revelation 18:3: 00.1.16: כולם שתו מיינה"‎ oz" = "For all of them have drunk of her wine"

Greek Textus Receptus: “OTL ÈK TOD 00/00... TEMMKE TOVTA tà "מש60‎

= "For all nations have drunk of the wine...”

If we read the beginning of verse 3 together with the last part of verse 2, we can see the reason for the addition in the Greek translation:

“And it became a dwelling of satans,' and to hide all the unclean ones of the birds and creeping things. ; For all of them have drunk of her wine..."?

At a first glance, one might think that "all of them" refers to the just-mentioned creatures in verse 2, or else the "satans" - but the larger context makes it clear that "all of them" refers to the "nations" as stated four chapters earlier in Revelation 14:8, and not to demons nor animals. Thus, to avoid confusion the Greek translation supplies or adds the explicit subject "nations" — but without indicating that it is an addition.

The gapping of the explicit subject in this context is very good proof that the Hebrew Revelation contained in Oo.1.16 derives

! Or ‘demons.’ ? Rev. 18:2-3, translated from Oo.1.16.

42 Evidence of Authenticity

from the original Hebrew version and is not a second-hand translation from Greek, Aramaic or Latin.’

Gapping of explicit object:

Explicit object gapping works just like explicit subject gapping, but the words in question are objects rather than subjects.

Revelation 1:13 is a good example of explicit object gapping in the Hebrew Revelation. Let's compare the Greek tradition vs. Oo.1.16:

00.1.16: "בניהם"‎ = "among them"

Greek Textus Receptus?^ “kai év péom TOV 0 Ivy viv"

- "among the seven candlesticks"

As explained earlier, translators always strive to clarify and explain any difficulties in the text they are translating. Thus the Greek translation replaces the object "them" with the explanation "seven candlesticks" to avoid any ambiguity. The Greek version supplies or inserts the explicit object.

! Neither the Greek, Latin nor Aramaic versions of Revelation has the explicit subject "nations" gapped in Rev. 18:3. ? Note that some Greek manuscripts, e.g. the Alexandrian Codex, do not include the word for 'seven,' though they still supply the word for 'lampstands'.

43 Evidence of Authenticity

In the above example, Hebrew grammar does not demand this phrase to be gapped, therefore translations from Greek to Hebrew do not change “the seven candlesticks” to "them."' There is no way to know from the Greek text whether this phrase was originally gapped or written. So, the fact that it is gapped in this Hebrew manuscript is strong evidence that the Hebrew reading is authentic, as it could not have derived from the Greek, Aramaic or Latin versions. It also shows that the Greek reading is the interpreted second-hand translation, while the Hebrew reading 15 the original. Below we will discuss a few more examples.

Revelation 2:10:‏ "אל תירא מהם" :00.1.16

= "Do not be afraid of them”

Greek Textus Receptus: "unó£v 00000 à pués

T Oygw"

- "Do not fear what you are about to suffer"

The Hebrew "them" probably refers to the people who persecuted the believers of Smyrna, but the Greek translation interprets "them" to refer to the sufferings (“what you are about to suffer”).

Revelation 4:10a: 1 Franz Delitzsch: הַמָנרות"‎ yaw "וּבְתוך‎ and

Salkinson / Ginsburg: "וּבְתוך המָנרות"‎ (Following other Greek manuscripts and not the Textus Receptus).

Evidence of Authenticity 44

00.1.16: "לפניו"‎ = "before him"

Greek Textus Receptus: “Evamtov Tod kaðnuévov TOD 0póvov"

= "before the one sitting on the throne"

Revelation 4:10b: 00.1.16: "לפניו"‎ = "before him" Greek Textus Receptus: “Ev@mtov Tod 0póvov" - "before the throne"

The Hebrew language uses the same word (or suffix) for 'him' and 'it. The Greek translators interpreted that the first "him" refers to "the one sitting on the throne," and that the second "him" refers to "the throne" — thus they inserted these explanatory phrases into their translation. Although the Greek explanation is not entirely impossible, the most likely meaning in both cases is that the "him" simply refers to YHWH.

Although in these examples the Hebrew readings could mean the exact same thing as the Greek translations, these are important indications that this Hebrew manuscript is authentic. It cannot derive from the Greek, Aramaic, or Latin versions.

45 Evidence of Authenticity

Mistranslation in the Greek version

Revelation 18:13 contains a very interesting variant between the Hebrew and Greek versions:

Greek Textus Receptus:

“Kai oivov, Kai ÉAotov, Kai GsuidaAw, Kai oitov, Kai ,העןסא‎ Kai mpdpata Kai immwv, Kai 600%, Kai GOUGTOV’ Kal yuyàc AVOpamev."

= "..and wine and oil and fine flour and wheat, and animals and sheep and horses and chariots, and slaves — even souls of men."

Oo.1.16:

"ויין ושמן ולחם ez‏ וחיטים ובקרים וכשבים וסוסים ועגלים ונשמות אדם"

= “And wine and oil and white bread' and wheat and cattle and sheep and horses and calves and souls of

וו

man.

In the above verse, the Greek version reads “horses and chariots” while the Hebrew reads “horses and calves.” So, how did this difference come about? The Greek word “ped@v" (redon) is not ambiguous and cannot be mistaken for ‘calves’ which is "uóoyov" (moschon) in Greek. In the Latin and

Aramaic versions the meaning "chariots" is equally clear, and

1 Could also mean “fine flour".

46 Evidence of Authenticity

thus they provide no solution as to the source of this variant reading.

But what if the Hebrew reading is the original? Could the Greek be a mistranslation of the Hebrew? Unlike Greek, Hebrew uses similar words for chariots and calves!

(agalim) = "calves"‏ "ענלים" (agalot) = "chariots"‏ "עגלות"

The only difference in consonantal spelling between the two Hebrew words above is the masculine plural ending "ים"‎ vs. the feminine plural ending ."ות"‎ Could the Greek translator have mistranslated aga/rm'as if it were aga/ot’? Note that the preceding word in Revelation 18:13 is "horses." Horses and chariots often go together, and this might have been the cause of confusion.

At closer inspection we find that the Hebrew reading "calves" is actually very suitable — the other objects mentioned around this word in verse 13b are not man-made objects but rather living creatures.

Considering that the only difference between "ענלים"‎ (agalim) and "עגלות"‎ (aga/ot) is their gender, and that the preceding word “horses” has a strong connotation with chariots, it is not unlikely that a translator could have rendered "ענלים"‎ as if it were "עגלות"‎

1 Reading "עגלות"‎ with different vowels could yield either "chariots" or “heifers” — but "עגלים"‎ means “calves” and cannot mean “chariots.”

47 Evidence of Authenticity

On the other hand, it is not possible at all that the Greek word “psd@v" (chariots) could have been translated into Hebrew as "עגלים"‎ (calves) - in the Greek version there is no ambiguity or any scope for possible confusion in translation.

Thus, if the Hebrew is the original, this variant reading is possible in the Greek translation and subsequent versions. But if the Greek, Aramaic or Latin version is the original, this difference should never have existed.

Was YHWH translated as Theos?

Another interesting variant between the Hebrew and Greek versions of Revelation is the frequent! use of “YHWH" instead of "Elohim." To be more precise, we are referring to instances where the Greek version uses "Ogoc" (Theos) while the Hebrew uses the abbreviation "ה"‎ instead of the expected "אלהים"‎ (Elohim). This Hebrew letter "ה"‎ (He) with two dots above it is an abbreviation for "השם"‎ (Ha-Shem) which means "The Name."

The fact that this abbreviation 'He' really represents the name YHWH is evident^ when the Old Testament is quoted in the Hebrew Revelation, e.g.

Isaiah 6:3:

! Apart from the examples given below, see also Rev. 1:2, 1:6, 1:9, 2:17 [2:18], 3:1, 3:2, 4:5, 5:6, 7:3, 7:15, 8:2, 8:4, etc. ? Occasionally this "ה"‎ also corresponds to "אדני"‎ (Adonai) in the Old Testament, but never to "אלהים"‎ (Elohim).

48 Evidence of Authenticity 

Hebrew Masoretic Text: "aS יקָדָוֹשׁ | קָדָוֹשׁ קוש יְהוָה‎ 00.1.16 (Revelation 4:8) “MINAS "קדוש קדוש קדוש ה‎

Psalm 113:1:

Hebrew Masoretic Text: "mm יְהוָה הָלְלוּ אֶתשם‎ ay ו הַלְלוּ‎ Yom 00.1.16 (Revelation 19:5) ה"‎ Be "הללויה הללו עבהיה הללו את‎ Isaiah: 60:19: Hebrew Masoretic Text: "psan עולֶם ואלקיך‎ vo יְהוָה‎ TTT 00.1.16 (Revelation 22:5) "והיה לך ה לאור עולם ואלהיך ותפארתך"‎

Revelation 1:1:

"נתן ה" :00.1.16

48

The above examples clearly show that this abbreviation "ה"‎ actually represents the Name YHWH. It was common practice for many scribes to write Ha-Shem or some abbreviation rather than writing the full name "יהוה"‎ (YHWH).

Below are some examples where the Hebrew Revelation indicates YHWH but the Greek version uses Theos:

49 Evidence of Authenticity

 = “YHWH gave" Greek Textus Receptus: 75600060 00760 ó ₪806" = "Theos gave him" Revelation 5:6: 00.1.16: "ואילו השבעה רוחות ה"‎ = "and they are the seven spirits of YHWH”

Greek Textus Receptus: “of siot Ta ntà TOD Osod Rvevpata"

= “which are the seven spirits of Theos”

Further examples are found in chapter 1:2, 1:6, 1:9, 2:17 [2:18], 3:1, 3:2, 4:5, 5:6, 7:3, 7:15, 8:2, 8:4, etc. It should be noted that this Hebrew version of Revelation does also use the Hebrew word Elohim,' so one cannot argue that every occurrence of the title Elohim was removed from the Hebrew Revelation and replaced with this "ה"‎ (for YHWH).

So, how did this difference originate? It is very unlikely that any Hebrew translator would have rendered Theos as YHWH.* On the contrary, the Greek Septuagint translation shows

! See e.g. chapter 3:12 (x3), 7:12, 7:17, 11:4, 11:13, 12:15 [12:10], 19:17, 21:3, 21:4, 21:7 etc. ? Except in the phrase “Kupioc 6 0666" — which in Hebrew could be either "אדני יהוה"‎ or אלהים"‎ mm".

Evidence of Authenticity 50

numerous! examples where the Greek translators did render YHWH as Theos:

Genesis 4:4: Hebrew Masoretic Text: "rrr "וישע‎ - "Then YHWH looked" Greek Septuagint: “Kai 5881060 ó 0506" - "Then Theos looked" Exodus 4:1: Hebrew Masoretic Text: הוה"‎ TPR TYTN" - "YHWH did not appear to you" Greek Septuagint: "ook 0004 cot ó 0806" - "Theos did not appear to you"

Because Greek translators often translated YHWH as Theos, but Hebrew translators do not translate Theos as YHWH,? we can conclude that this Hebrew version of Revelation cannot be

! Apart from the examples given here, this phenomenon also occurs in: Gen. 4:9, 6:6, 6:7, 12:17, 13:14, 15:7, 16:5, 18:1, 25:21, 30:24, 30:27, 31:49, 38:7, Ex. 4:11, 4:30, 4:31, 5:21, 9:5, 13:21, 19:3, 19:7, 19:8, 19:21, 35:30, 36:2, and many other places throughout the Old Testament. ? Except in the phrase “KUptoc 6 0606" - which in Hebrew could be either "אדני יהוה"‎ or אלהים"‎ mm".

51 About Transcript

a translation from the Greek version,’ but the Greek version could have originated from the Hebrew.

About the Transcript

The Hebrew transcript is based on Cambridge University Library manuscript Oo.1.16, folios 102r — 106v.2 We have carefully transcribed it using color photographs of the actual manuscript. The current transcript has been thoroughly checked and revised.

The folio number of the corresponding page in the manuscript is stated where applicable throughout the transcript, e.g. (02.

The following standardizations and corrections were made in the Hebrew transcript:

e All chapter headings were standardized.

e The abbreviation "ה"‎ was replaced with the full name "ue

! Neither could it be a translation from the Aramaic Peshitta or Latin Vulgate, as these versions agree with the Greek use of Theos. ? Photos of the applicable folios can be seen on pp. 117 126. ? See pp. 47-51 for more information.

52 About Transcript

e The Rabbinic spelling "ישו"‎ was replaced with the proper spelling ?"ישוע"‎

e The spellings "יאהנניס"‎ and "אפרטס"‎ were replaced with their proper spellings "13111" and ."פרת"‎

e All other names were transcribed as written in the Hebrew manuscript, except for the omission of occasional vowel points (see below).

e Vowel points are occasionally found on some words in the manuscript, but these were not copied into the transcript.

! The spelling "ישו"‎ (Yeshu) was commonly used by many Jews in the middle ages instead of the fully spelled out "ישוע"‎ (Yeshua) - similar to "ה"‎ or "השם"‎ instead of ."יהוה"‎ The spelling "ישו"‎ has a negative connotation and was generally used by non-messianic Jews. However, one cannot conclude that all Jews who used this spelling were non- Messianic Jews. E.g. next to Hebrews 7:3 (CUL Oo.1.32), a reader commented "מלכי צדק בלא אב ואם לא נברא ולא מת עדין הוא ישו"‎ (Malki Tsedek — without father or mother, he was not created and does not die — he is still Yeshu!) Also, there is no indication that any anti- messianic alterations were made in this Hebrew Revelation. The fact that Yeshua is the Messiah was not at all undermined by the scribe. (See Rev. 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:9, etc.) Note that the spelling "ישוע"‎ has been used since the time of Ezra - long before the birth of Yeshua the Messiah! (See e.g. Ezra 2:2, 2:6, 2:36 etc. and especially Nehemiah 8:17 where Joshua the son of Nun is even called "ישוע"‎ (Yeshua), using the shorter spelling.) Thus the pronunciation ‘Yeshua’ was not invented by anti-messianic Jews as many have claimed.

53 About Transcript

e Certain word(s) or letters were placed in [square brackets] to show that they have been corrected based on the context.

e Empty square brackets [ ] were used where a word or phrase in the manuscript has been crossed out or marked as a mistake by the scribe / proof-reader.

The grammar, syntax, and vocabulary of this Hebrew Revelation are not exactly the same as either Classical, Mishnaic, or Medieval Hebrew. Although similar to Mishnaic Hebrew, it also overlaps with Classical Hebrew.

In order for Hebrew readers to become familiarized with the grammar and syntax used in this Hebrew Revelation, we recommend reading the transcript alongside the English translation.

The correct meaning of most of the Hebrew vocabulary used in the Hebrew Revelation of 00.1.16 can be found amongst the following lexicons:

e Earnest Klein, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English.'

e Marcus Jastro, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic

1 Jerusalem: Carta — The Israel Map and Publishing Company Ltd., 1987.

54 About Translation

Literature volume 1 + 2 (A Hebrew + Aramaic to English dictionary).'

e David J. A. Clines, The Concise Dictionary of Classical Hebrew?

e William L. Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament.’

Ben Yehuda's dictionary series* would also be useful for those who are very experienced in Hebrew - as explanations are given in Hebrew while only very basic meanings are given in English.

About the Translation

The manuscript used for this translation of Revelation is from the Cambridge University Library, ms. Oo.1.16, folios 102r - 106v. We have accurately and literally translated it, using digital color photographs of the actual manuscript. Photos of the applicable folios have been reproduced on pages 117 -

1 London: Luzac & Co., 1903. 2 Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix press, 2009. 3 Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1971 (15" impression, 2000). ^ Eliezer Ben Yehudah, Complete Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Hebrew (17 volumes), Jerusalem: Ben-Yehudah Hozaa-La'Or Le zecher - Eliezer Ben-Yehuda Ltd., 1940 (Reprinted by T. Yoseloff in 8 volumes, 1960).

55 About Transcript

126. The translation is focused on accuracy rather than flowing English, as it is very easy to create contradictions with a paraphrase-type translation. In the current translation:

e Certain word(s) or phrases were placed in [square brackets] to show that (i) they have been corrected based on the context, or (ii) the applicable word(s) are still in question (e.g. smudged words, rare Hebrew words, etc.).

> The spellings of all names and titles were standardized.

e Only Names and Titles were capitalized. Pronouns like 'you' or 'he' etc. are not capitalized (even when referring to YHWH or Yeshua) as this is sometimes based merely on the translator's interpretation. The reader should rather use the context to determine whom the pronoun is referring to.

e /talic words were added to help the English reader understand what the Hebrew text implies by context.

e Certain words were marked in bold + underlined according to emphasis in the Hebrew manuscript — based on special word order etc. - and are not our own emphasis or interpretation.

e Chapter and verse numbering in the manuscript is generally the same as in standard English translations. When chapter and / or verse numbers differ, the standard English equivalent is added in [square brackets].

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56

57a Transcript 1.1

אלה הסודות פרק א' n |‏ אלה הסודות נתן mm‏ לישוע המשיח להראות לעבדיו מה שיהיה בקרוב והוא שלח "vy BIN‏

“The number stated in brackets is the corresponding folio number of Oo.1.16 on which the Hebrew transcript is based. ? The Hebrew manuscript uses an abbreviation "ה"‎ for “own”. It was common practice for many scribes to write ‘Ha-Shem’ or some abbreviation rather than writing the full name “77°”. The fact that this abbreviation for ‘Ha-Shem’ really represents the name “nin” is evident when the Hebrew Revelation quotes from the Old Testament, e.g.

Isaiah 6:3:‏ "קדוש | קדוש קדוש mr‏ צְבָאות" Hebrew Masoretic Text:‏ " קדוש קדוש קדוש ה צבאות" (4:8 (Revelation‏ 00.1.16

Psalm 113:1:‏ "הַלְלוּיהּ הַלְלוּ עַבְרִי mm‏ הַלְלוּ אֶתשם Hebrew Masoretic Text: “nn:‏ "הללויה הללו עבדי ה הללו את nw‏ ה" )19:5 (Revelation‏ 00.1.16

Isaiah: 60:19: Hebrew Masoretic Text: לְאוּר עולֶם"‎ FY 327mm" 00.1.16 (Revelation 22:5) "והיה לך ה לאור עולם"‎

From the above examples it is very clear that this abbreviation ”ה“‎ used in the Hebrew Revelation actually represents the Name "rmm". ? Abbreviation for יד"‎ by”. ^ Take note that Hebrew and English word orders are different, thus

some page transitions do not correspond exactly in the Hebrew transcript, compared to the English translation.

Glossary

Adon Standard Hebrew word for ‘Lord’ or ‘Master.’

Amein Hebrew pronunciation of ‘Amen.’ When the Hebrew word ‘amein’ is used as an adverb, it means “surely” or “truly.” When used as a title, it means “Sure,” “Faithful” or “Truth.”

Dawid Hebrew name for ‘David.’ Bavel Hebrew name for ‘Babylon.’

Elohim Usually translated as ‘God.’ In Hebrew however, the word ‘luck’ or ‘fortune’ is pronounced as ‘gad’ and sometimes as ‘god’ (medieval) — see e.g. Gen. 30:10-11, Josh. 11:17, Is. 65:11. Therefore we prefer to not use ‘God.’

Ha-Gei-Hinnom Lit. “The valley of (the son of) Hinnom.” This Hebrew word is transliterated into Greek as 'Gehenna, and is inaccurately translated as ‘Hell.’ This is a literal valley right next to Jerusalem ordained for future punishment. See Matthew chapter 25:41- 46 in the www.HebrewGospels.com version: “And then he will say to those who are on the left side... go into the fire of Gei-Hinnom, which is prepared for Ha-Satan and his messengers... And these will go into the fire of Gei-Hinnom, but the righteous ones will go into everlasting light.” To learn more about the Biblical definition of ‘Gei-Hinnom,’ see Jer. 7:30- 33, Is. 30:33, 66:24, etc.

Ha-Mashiach The Messiah. The Hebrew word ‘Mashiach’ was translated into the Greek ‘Kristos’ but should be clearly distinguished from the Catholic symbolic ‘Christ.’ Literal meaning: “anointed one,” usually referring to one anointed as king of Israel, or as priest or prophet. However, when used as a name, it refers to the Son of YHWH, whom he

Glossary 114

anointed as the ultimate King of Israel, the Everlasting High Priest, and the Prophet who would speak YHWH's words to his people, and if anyone does not obey him, YHWH himself will cut off that person from among his people. See Deu. 18:18-19.

Ha-Satan Lit. “The Adversary.” Normally used as a name or title. Menorah (Pl. ‘menorot.’) The Hebrew word for ‘lampstand.’ Mitsrayim Hebrew name for ‘Egypt.’ Mosheh Hebrew name for ‘Moses.’

Nephesh (Pl. ‘nephashot.’) Lit. "breath," means ‘life,’ or ‘soul,’ etc. — take note, not the Greek understanding of ‘soul.’

Ruach (Pl. ‘ruchot.’) Hebrew word for ‘spirit’ or ‘wind,’ sometimes used with a double meaning.

Ruach Ha-Qodesh Lit. “the Set-Apart Spirit.”

Satan The Hebrew word ‘satan’ literally means “adversary.” If ‘satan’ has the article it is normally used as a title (and is transliterated as ‘Ha-Satan’); however satan (without the article) is used for ‘enemy’ or as a synonym of ‘demon.’

Sedom Hebrew name for ‘Sodom.’ Shabbat Hebrew name for ‘Sabbath.’

She’ol The place of the dead. To learn more about the Biblical definition of She’ol, see: Gen. 37:35, Num. 16:30-33, 1Sam. 2:6, Is. 14:9- 15, Eze. 31:15-25, Jonah 2:2[3], etc.

Shophar (Pl. ‘shopharot.’) The Hebrew word for “ram’s horn" or “trumpet.”

115 Glossary

Shalom Lit. “wholeness,” “completeness” or “well-being,” can also mean ‘peace.’ ‘Shalom’ is also used as a greeting.

Tanach ‘Tanach is a Hebrew acronym for ‘Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim,’ or in English, ‘The Law, the Prophets, the Writings.’ In other words, it refers to the entire so-called ‘Old Testament.’

Torah The Hebrew word ‘Torah’ means “instruction.” The Creator gave his perfect and everlasting Torah (instructions) to Moses. When Torah is used as a name, it refers to the first five books of the Bible (The Pentateuch), or by extension, the entire Old Testament.

Yehudah Hebrew name for ‘Judah’ or ‘Judea.’ Yehudim Hebrew name for Jews.’ Yerushalayim Hebrew name for ‘Jerusalem.’

Yeshua Hebrew name for ‘Jesus.’ ‘Yeshua’ is short for ‘Yehoshua,’ which means ‘YHWH is Salvation,’ see Mat. 1:21.

YHWH The manuscript uses Hebrew abbreviation "ה"‎ for 'Ha- Shem,’ which literally means “The Name.” Today still, many Jews will read “Ha-Shem” when they see the Hebrew mr. We have replaced ‘Ha-Shem’ with transliterated consonants of ‘the Name’ itself: "YHWH." As for pronunciation, the only grammatically possible pronunciation, from which all other abbreviations / contractions can be formed, is ‘Yah-weh’ with emphasis on the second syllable. For more information see

www.HebrewGospels.com/yhwh.

Yisrael Hebrew name for ‘Israel.’

Yochanan Hebrew name for ‘John.’

116

Manuscript Photos

(See References for Original Links to Photographs)

Color photos of the translated folios from ms. Oo.1.16, reproduced with kind permission of the Cambridge University

Library.

Ms. Photos 00.1.16 - folio 102r 117 UNIVERSITY ZA Pym Sa | LIBRARY e e 0 S \ CAMBRIDGE 4 ^ 1 m = LU -_ be i n ht

Reproduced by kind permission of Cambridge University Library. לש >

Translation of the Hebrew Book of Revelation

Revelation Chapter 1

Translation 1.1 57b - Ele Ha-Sodot!

1: 1 מ‎ These are the confidential counsels? which YHWH? gave to Yeshua* Ha-Mashiach, to show his servants what will happen soon. And he sent them by the hand’ of his 

1 Or simply ‘Sodot’ — the Hebrew title for the Book of ‘Revelation.’ See also next footnote. 

2 Hebrew: "סודות"‎ (sodot), plural of סוד‎ (sod). Could also mean “secrets” or “mysteries.” This Hebrew word is used both positively and negatively — compare e.g. Ps. 25:14, Pr. 3:32, Am. 3:7 vs. Ps. 64:2(3), 83:3(4). 

3 The manuscript uses Hebrew abbreviation "ה"‎ for ‘Ha-Shem,’ which literally means “The Name.” Today still, many Jews will read "Ha-Shem" when they see the Hebrew rrr. We have replaced ‘Ha-Shem’ with transliterated consonants of ‘the Name’ itself: “YHWH.” As for pronunciation, the only grammatically possible pronunciation, from which all other abbreviations / contractions can be formed, is “Yah-weh” — with emphasis on the second syllable. For more information see www.HebrewGospels.com/yhwh. “ Hebrew name for ‘Jesus.’ ? Or "The Messiah.” The Hebrew word ‘Mashiach’ was translated into the Greek 'Kristos' but should be clearly distinguished from the Catholic symbolic ‘Christ.’ Literal meaning: “anointed one,” usually referring to someone anointed as king of Israel, or as priest or prophet. However when used as a name, it refers to the Son of YHWH, whom he anointed as the ultimate King of Israel, the Everlasting High Priest, and the Prophet who would speak YHWH’s words to his people — and if anyone disobeys him, YHWH himself will cut off that person from among his people. See Deu. 18:18-19. 

5 Lit. “at near" — the Biblical meaning of ‘soon’ or ‘near’ is not always what we expect. See e.g. Is. 13:22, stating that Babylon's destruction is near, yet Babylon was only destroyed generations later, and the ultimate fulfillment is still future! (Rev. 17-19). 7 A Hebrew idiom meaning "by" or "through" or “by means of."

58a סודות א'‎ Transcript 1.1

מלאך שלו לעבדו יוחנן , העד הדיבור' יהוה והעדות מישוע המשיח ממה שראה , קדוש הוא הקורא והשומעים זאת הנביאות ומקיימים מה שכתוב , יוחנן נלזהשבעה זקינים באסיא חסד ושלום יהיה עמכם מזה שהיה והוה mam‏ ומהשבעה mmm‏ שהמה מכפאו ; ומישוע המשיח העד נאמן וראשון שקם מהמתים man‏ ומצוה על הארץ האהבתנו ורחצתנו מעוונותינו עם דמו , ועשה אותנו למלכים ולכהנים

* Note that this word has the definite article and is still in construct state based on context. This phenomenon is very common in the Hebrew Revelation and also occurs in the Tanach — see e.g. Ex. 39:27, Judg. 16:14, 1 Kin. 14:24, 2 Kin. 16:14, Jer. 25:26, 1 Chr. 9:26, etc.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 1 58b messenger! to his servant Yochanan? - 2 the witness of the word of YHWH, and the testimony of Yeshua Ha-Mashiach, of that which he saw.’ 3 Blessed is he who reads, and those who hear this prophecy and establish that which is written.

4 Yochanan, [to] the seven elders in Asia: steadfast love and shalom be with you, from him* who was and is and will be, and from the seven Ruchot? who are at? his throne. s And from Yeshua Ha-Mashiach the faithful witness, and the first who stood up from the dead ones, and the ruler and commander’ over the earth - who is our love, and our washing from our iniquities with his blood, 6 and made us kings and priests

1 Hebrew: ‘mal’ach.’ Used for both human and heavenly messengers. The English word ‘angel’ is not a translation — only a transliteration of the Greek ‘aggelos.’ Besides, the average person reading ‘angel’ would probably envisage some female figure with wings. Heavenly ‘mal’achim’ or messengers are distinct from the cherubim; they do not have wings and appear as men. (‘Angels’ and ‘men’ are used interchangeably — see e.g. Gen. 18. Compare Mat. 28:2-5 and John 20:12 vs. Mark 16:5 and Luke 24:4, also see Heb. 13:2.) lronically, the ‘angels’ depicted in many Christian books look more like the evil spirits described in Zec. 5:9. 2 Hebrew name for ‘John.’ 3 Yochanan repeatedly reminds us that he was an eyewitness of the things described in Revelation. See e.g. chapters 1:12, 1:19, 4:1, 4:2, 5:1, 6:1, etc. ^ Lit. "this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ ? Plural of רוח‎ (ruach) — the Hebrew word for “spirit,” "breath" or “wind.” 5 Or possibly ‘from.’ 7 See Is. 55:4.

59a סודות א'‎ Transcript 1.1

לפני יהוה ואביו לו תהיה כבוד ותפארת מעולם ועד עולם אמן, ראה הוא יבא בענן ותראו' אותו אלה הדקרים אותו ויבכו כל המשפחות הארץ כן אמן , ON‏ הוא הראשון והאחרון תחילת והסוף אמר האדון אדיר ההיה והוה ויהיה , אני יוחנן הייתי באי הנקרא פטמס בשביל הדיבור יהוה והעדות מישוע המשיח , ושורה עלי רוח הקודש ושמעתי מאחרי קול גדול ,, ואמרה אני הראשון והאחרון וכל מה שראית כתוב בספר ושלח אותו להזקינים' באסיא ולעפהיזום on‏ לסמירנין ולפירגימום וגם לטיאטירס ולזארדים וגם לפילדלפיאן ולאדיצא]ן p‏ והפכתי לראות את הקול הדוברת עימי וכשהפכתי ראיתי שבע מנורות של זהב ,, ובניהם אחד כדמות אדם ולבוש בכתונות לבן וחגור על החזה

“The “n” preformative is used several times instead of ^" with third person masculine imperfect verbs and the "ת"‎ does not affect the person of the verb, it only seems to place extra emphasis on the subject. Compare chapter 2:20 [2:22], 3:4, 3:5, 3:9, 7:15, 11:9, 18:5, 18:9, 22:11. Alternative spelling for ."לזקנים"‎ In the Hebrew Revelation the 'ה'‎ of the definite article is often retained with the inseparable preposition ^". This phenomenon also occurs in the Hebrew Tanach, mostly in the post-exilic books — see e.g. 1 Sam. 13:21, Ezek. 47:22, Neh. 12:38, 2 Chr. 10:7, 2 Chr. 25:10, 2 Chr. 29:27.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 1 59b

before YHWH even his Father - to him be honor and glory, from everlasting and unto everlasting, amein.'

7 Look! He will come with clouds, and those who pierced him, they will see him, and all the families of the earth will weep,” yes amein! 8 "| am the first and the last? the beginning and the end,” says the mighty* Adon,” who was and is and will be.

9 | Yochanan was on the island called Patmos, because of the word of YHWH and the testimony of Yeshua Ha-Mashiach. 10 As Ruach Ha-Qodesh* rested’ on me, | heard behind me a great voice. 11 And it® said, "| am the first and the last, and whatever? you see, write in a scroll, and send it to the elders in Asia, both to Ephesus and also to Smyrna, and to Pergamos and also to Thyatira, and to Sardis and also to Philadelphia and Laodicea.”

12 So | turned about to see the voice which spoke with me, and when I had turned about, | saw seven menorot" of gold. 13 And among them, one like the appearance of man, and he was clothed in white garments, and girded over the chest" with a

! ‘Amein’ as an adverb means "surely" or “truly.” ? Compare Zec. 12:10-14. ? Compare Is. 44:6, 41:4. Yeshua is claiming to be YHWH. ^ Or “majestic.” ? The Hebrew word for ‘lord’ or ‘master.’ 5 Lit. “the Set-Apart Spirit.” 7 Or “abode” or “was dwelling." 8 Lit. “she said" — referring back to the feminine noun “voice.” ? Or "everything that." 10 plural of 32 (menorah) - the Hebrew word for “lampstand.” H The priestly ephod is worn over the shoulders and girded across the chest. See Ex. 28 for a detailed description of the ephod.

60a סודות א'‎ Transcript 1.1

בחגר של זהב ,, אבל ראשו ושערו היה לבן כצמר לבן ועיניו כלהבת אש , ורגליו כנחושת וקולו כרעש מים נדולים ; ושבעה כוכבים ביד ימינו ומפיו הלך חרב פיפיות ומראהו זרח כשמש ,, וכשראיתי אותו נפלתי לרגליו כמת והוא מניח את יד ימינו עלי ואמר לי אל תירא אני הראשון והאחרון ,, וראה אני הייתי מת ועכשיו חי אני מעולם ועד עולם ולי יש המפתחות של המות והניהנם' ,, כתוב מה שראית ומה שיהיה אחר כך ,4 והסוד מהשבעה כוכבים שראית ביד ימיני ושבע מנורות של זהב כך היא השבעה כוכבים אלה

* Alternative spelling for “Bin ."גיא‎ The full title found in the Tanach is ."גיא בן הנם"‎

Translation 1.1 Sodot 1 60b

girdle of gold. 14 But his head, even his hair was white like white wool, and his eyes like a flame of fire. 15 And his feet were like copper, and his voice like the noise of great waters. 16 And seven stars were in his right hand, and out of his mouth went a double-edged sword, and his appearance! shone like the sun.

17 And when | saw him, | fell down at his feet like a dead one. But he laid his right hand on me, and said to me, “Do not fear, | am the first and the last. 18 And look!* - | was dead, but now | am alive, from everlasting and unto everlasting.’ And | have the keys of the death and Ha-Gei-Hinnom.* 19 Write what you saw, and what will be after this. 20 Now the confidential counsel? of the seven stars which you saw in my right hand, and the seven menorot* of gold: so it is - the seven stars, they

! Or possibly ‘face.’ ? Or "behold." ? A Hebrew idiom which often means "forever and ever" — see e.g. Jer. 7:7, 25:5, 1Chr. 16:36, Neh. 9:5, Ps. 41:13, 103:17, 106:48. ^ Lit. "The valley of Hinnom." This Hebrew word is transliterated into Greek as ‘Gehenna,’ and is inaccurately translated as ‘Hell.’ This is a literal valley right next to Jerusalem ordained for future punishment. See Matthew 25:41-46 in the www.HebrewGospels.com version: "And then he will say to those who are on the left side... go into the fire of Gei-Hinnom, which is prepared for Ha-Satan and his messengers... And these will go into the fire of Gei-Hinnom, but the righteous ones will go into everlasting light." To learn more about the Biblical definition of 'Gei-Hinnom,' see Jer. 7:30-33, Is. 30:33, 66:24, etc. ? Hebrew: "סוד"‎ (sod). Could also mean “secret” or "mystery." This Hebrew word is used both positively and negatively — compare e.g. Ps. 25:14, Pr. 3:32, Am. 3:7 vs. Ps. 64:2(3), 83:3(4). 5 Plural of מנורה‎ (menorah) - the Hebrew word for “lampstand.”

61a בי‎ DTD Transcript 1.1

המה שבעה מלאכים והשבעה מנורות שבעה זקינים

פרק ב'

, ולהמלאך מהעדה של עפהיזום כתוב כה אמר זה שיש ביד ימינו השבעה כוכבים ההולך בתוך השבעה מנורות של זהב , אני yov‏ את מעשיך ותקותיך' ואת לא תוכל לסבול את הרשעים ותנסה לאילו שאומרים שהמה נביאים ואינם ותמצא שהמה כזבנים , ותקותיך וטרחתיך יש הכל בשביל שמי, אבל תמיה לי מפני מה תעזוב אתה האהבה ראשונה , זכור מי אתה ועשי תשובה ועשי מעשיך ראשונים ובאם לאו במהרה ידחף מנורתיך ממקומו באם שלא תעשה תשובה,,, מי שיש לו אזנים “paw‏ מה

* Note that the ^" in "ותקותיך"‎ is merely a vowel letter and does not indicate the plural form. The pronunciation indicated by this vowel letter (372p) follows the pattern of pausal forms found in the Masoretic Text. E.g. “NWN” has the same meaning as ,"אשתך"‎ but the latter form is in pause. Such pausal pronunciations are often used throughout the Hebrew Revelation. ? Masculine singular imperative. Equivalent to “ny”. ? Same meaning as ."לא"‎ * Note that a participle is sometimes used with the same / similar meaning as an imperative. See e.g. chapter 2:13 [14], 2:14 [15], 6:16.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 11 61b

are seven messengers, and the seven menorot are seven elders."'

Revelation Chapter 2

2: 1 "And to the messenger of the assembly of Ephesus write: Thus says he? who has the seven stars in his right hand, who walks amidst? the seven menorot of gold, 2 'I know your works and your hope,” and that you are not able to bear the wicked ones, and thatyou tested those who say that they are prophets while they are not, and found that they are deceivers.? 3 And your hope® and trouble,’ all of which? is because of my Name. 4 However, | am amazed? because of what you yourself forsook — the first love.” 5 Remember who you were," and do repentance, and do your first" works. And if not, your Menorah” will be thrust away hastily from its place - if you do not do repentance. e [7)'* Whosoever has ears must hear what

! Probably means 'elders representing their assemblies.' ? Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ ? Or “among.” ^ Or "expectation" or by extension, possibly 'patience.' ? Or “liars.” 5 Or "expectation" or by extension, possibly ‘patience.’ 7 Lit. "burden bearing." 8 Or possibly ‘which you all have because of my Name.’ ? Lit. “| have amazement.” 10 Or "that you yourself forsook the first love." 11 Or “are.” 12 Or "former." 13 Hebrew word for “lampstand.” 14 Verse numbers marked in manuscript mostly correspond to standard numbering in English translations. When the verse number in this manuscript differs from the standard numbering, the standard verse number is placed in brackets. E.g. verse 6 in this manuscript

62a פודות בי‎ Transcript 1.1

שהרוח אומר להעדה מי שמנצח יאכל מעץ החיים שיש בגן עדן ,,, ולהמלאך מהעדה של זמירנין כתוב כה אמר הראשון והאחרון המת וקם ,,, iN‏ יודע מעשיך וצערותיך והחירוף מאלו האומרים שהם יהודים ואינם רק המה מבני השטן as‏ אל NTN‏ מהם ראה השטן TPN np‏ [מכם] בשביה כדי לנסות אתכם והצער mm‏ לכם עשרה ימים תהי נאמן עד יום מותך כדי שאתן לך הכתר מהחיים ano‏ מי שיש לו אזנים שומע מה שהרוח אומר להעדה מי שמנצח אל תהיה לו צער ממות אחרת וו ₪ ולהמלאך מהעדה של פירגימום כתוב כה אמר זה שיש לו חרב פיפיות "UN oy‏ יודע את מעשיך ומקום שלך יש במקום שיש כסא השטן ואתה תאמין בשמי

Translation 1.1 Sodot 2 62b

the Ruach! says to the assembly. Whosoever overcomes, will eat from the tree of life,? which is in the Garden of Eden."

7[g And to the messenger of the assembly of Smyrna write: Thus says the first and the last, who died and stood up, ag] ‘| know your works and your sufferings, and the reproach of those who say that they are Yehudim while they are not, but are of the sons* of Ha-Satan.° 9 [1o] Do not be afraid of them, look,* Ha-Satan will take some of [you] in captivity in order to test you, and you will have suffering forten days. Be faithful unto the day of your death, that | may give you the crown of life. 1011] Whosoever has ears must hear what the Ruach’ says to the assembly. Whosoever overcomes will not have suffering from the last? death.”

11 [12] "And to the messenger of the assembly of Pergamos write: Thus says he? who has a double-edged sword, 12113) ‘| know your works, and £hat your place is at the place where the throne of Ha-Satan is. And thatyou believe in my name and in

corresponds to verse [7] in standard Bibles. The verse numbered [6] in standard Bibles is absent in this ms. ! The Hebrew word for "spirit," “breath” or “wind.” ? See pages 21 - 26 for a discussion on the tree of life. ? Or "pains." ^ Or "children" — Hebrew masculine includes feminine. > Lit. “The Adversary.” Because this word is often used as a name we have transliterated it instead of translating it, as with all other names. 5 Or "behold." 7 The Hebrew word for "spirit," “breath” or “wind.” 8 Or “latter” or possibly ‘second.’ ? Lit. “this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’

63a 'a פודות‎ Transcript 1.1

ובאמונתי ובעיתי נהרג את חבירי הנאמן אנטיפס אצליכם במקום שהשטן דר og‏ וגם אתה שונא מאילו שלומדים הלימוד של בלעם הלמד "y‏ בלק לעשות רע לבני ישראל לחטוא אתם בזנות , as‏ וגם אתה שונא מלימוד ניקאלטציאן ואף אני שונא מאילו oa is‏ עשי תשובה ואם לאו אבא אני במהרה לעשות עמך מלחמה y‏ החרב שיש 4,^53 מי שיש לו mum‏ שומע מה שהרוח אומר להעדה מי שמנצח רוצה אני לית לו לאכל מהמן הנסתר וגם עדות טובה ובזה העדות שם חדש כתוב שלא יוכל ow‏ אחד לקרוא רק זה שקיבל אותו ;5 us‏ ולהמלאך מהעדה של טיאטירא כתוב כה אמר בן יהוה שעיניו במה ws‏ להבת אש ורגליו כנחושת 4,4 אני יודע את מעשיך ואהבתיך ושארותיך' ואמונתיך ותקותיך

* Abbreviation for יד"‎ by”. * Same meaning as "N^". ? Abbreviation for יד"‎ by”. ^ This is an alternative from of the infinitive construct with "ל"‎ preposition (root: ^13"). Normally spelled "לתת"‎ in the Tanach. ? Alternative spelling for ."שירותך"‎ The lexical form is normally spelled "mne" or "mme".

Translation 1.1 Sodot 11 63b

my faith,’ also in the times when my faithful joined-one Antipas was killed near you, at the place where Ha-Satan dwells. 13 14, But you must also hate those who teach the teaching of Bil'am,? who taught by Balaq? to do evil to the children of Yisrael,? by making them to sin by fornication. 14 [15] And you must also hate the teaching of the Nicolaitans, for | also hate these. 15,16) Do repentance! - And if not, | myself will come with haste to make war with you by the sword which is in my mouth. 16 f17] Whosoever has ears must hear what the Ruach says to the assembly. Whosoever overcomes, | will be pleased to give him to eat of the hidden Manna, and also to give him’ a good testimony? — and on this testimony, a new name will be written, which no one is able to read, except he? who received it."

17[18) And to the messenger of the assembly of Thyatira write: Thus says the Son of YHWH, whose eyes are just like a flame of fire, and his feet like copper, 18 [19] ‘| know your works and your love and your service and your faith and your hope, and

! Lit. “faithfulness.” Hebrew faith is both believing and doing (being faithful). ? Hebrew name for ‘Balaam.’ ? Hebrew name for ‘Balak.’ ^ Or "harm." ? Hebrew name for ‘Israel.’ 5 Or "| want to." 7 Understood from preceding part of the verse. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). ? [n context ‘a written testimony.’ ? Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 1° Lit. “faithfulness.” Hebrew faith is both believing and doing (being faithful).

64a 'a פודות‎ Transcript 1.1

ובכל ny‏ תעשה יותר ,,,4 אבל דבר nep‏ יש לי עליך שתעזוב האשה יזאבל' האומרת שהיא נביאה ולומדים ומסיתים את עבדי לעשות זנות 4 ראה אני מביא עליה ועל זה ששכב עמה הרבה צער באם שלא תעש תשובה על מעשיהם ,, ואני נתתי לה ny‏ לעשות תשובה oy‏ ואת בניה יומתו וכל העדה תכירו שאני הוא הבוחן כליות ולב וכל אחד כפי מדותיו ישולם לו aa‏ אבל לכם ולאחרים ההמה בטיאטירא אומר אני שלא אביא עליכם עוד צער כיון שלא תלמדו מלימוד השטן ,4 אבל תחזקו בזה שיש לכם עד NINY‏ 4 ומי שמנצח אתנה גוים נחלתו > a5‏ והוא ינהג אותם בשבט ברזל וככלי יוצר תנפצם ,, וכמו שקבלתי מאבי oe‏ כך אתן לו השחר 4,4 מי שיש לו אזנים שומע מה שהרוח אומר להעדה

* Alternative spelling for "איזבל"‎ — compare e.g. "ישי"‎ (1 Sam. 16:1, etc.) and "אישי"‎ (1 Chr. 2:13). ? The "ת"‎ preformative is used several times instead of "*" with third person masculine imperfect verbs and the “n” does not affect the person of the verb, it only seems to place extra emphasis on the subject. Compare chapter 1:7, 3:4, 3:5, 3:9, 7:15, 11:9, 18:5, 18:9, 22:11.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 2 64b

that you always work even more.' 19,20) But | have a small? thing against you - that you allow the woman Izevel,* who says that she is a prophetess; and those who teach* and seduce my servants to commit fornication. 20 [22] Look, | am about to bring over her — and over him? who lies with her — great suffering, unless they do repentance concerning their works. 21 (And | did give her time to do repentance.) 22 23; And her sons will be put to death, and all the assembly will recognize that | am he who tests kidneys and heart. And every one - according to his measures it will be rewarded? to him. 23 [24j But to you, even to the others who are in Thyatira, | am saying that | will not bring more suffering’ upon you, since you did not learn of the teaching of Ha-Satan; 24 2s] but you must hold on to this? which you have until | come. 2s 26) And whosoever overcomes, | will give nations as his inheritance, 26 7; and he will lead them with a rod of iron, and you will shatter them like a potter's vessel.? 27 And like | received from my Father, za] so | will give him the light." 2a 29] Whosoever has ears must hear what the Ruach says to the assembly.”

! Or "that you work more all the time." ? Sarcastic. ? Hebrew name for ‘Jezebel.’ ^ Or “...that they teach and seduce my servants to...” > Lit. “this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 5 Or "repaid." 7 Or "distress" or "trouble." 8 Or “that.” ? Similar to Ps. 2:8-9. 1° Lit. “dawn” or “daybreak” — used as a synonym of “light,” and in this context probably means "glory." Compare Joh. 17:22 in the

www.HebrewGospels.com version.

65a סורוה גי‎ Transcript 1.1

פרק ג'

Gow ,‏ ולהמלאך מהעדה של זארדין כתוב כה אמר זה שיש לו הרוחות יהוה והשבעה כוכבים אני יודע את מעשיך בי שם יש לך שאתה חי ואתה מת , לכן אל won‏ ותחזק לזה שרוצה למות כי לא מצאתי את מעשיך שלימה לפני יהוה , ועבשיו זכור היאך שקבלת ושמעת ומקיים אותם ועשי תשובה ואם לא אבא אני עליך כגנב ואתה אינה' יודע באיזה זמן שאבא , וגם שמך נשמע בזארדין שלא cm‏ את בגדיהם והמה תלכו עימי בבגדים לבנים כי המה ראוים לזה , ומי שמנצח תלךי בבגדים לבנים ואני לא אמחה את שמו מספר החיים ואני מודיע את שמו לפני אבי ולפני מלאכיו, מי שיש לו אזנים שומע מה שהרוח אומר להעדה , ולהמלאך מהעדה של פילאדעלפיא כתוב כה אמר הקדוש והנאמן זה שיש לו המפתח של דוד הפותח me‏ אחד יוכל לסגור המפגורי ושום אחד יוכל לפתוח , אני יודע את מעשיך ראה נתתי לפניך פתח פתוח ושום אחד יוכל לסגור אותה

' In the Hebrew Revelation, "אינה"‎ is generally used instead of "אין"‎ The "ה"‎ at the end is not a third feminine singular pronominal suffix. ? There is a ^" written above the “n” as a seeming correction. However, see note on chapter 1:7. For the use of “n” instead of ^*", see note on chapter 1:7. ^ Alternative form of masculine singular participle.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 3 65b

Revelation Chapter 3

3:1 a9» “And to the messenger of the assembly of Sardis write: Thus says he! who has the Ruchot? of YHWH, and the seven stars, '! know your works - that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. 2 Therefore, do not sleep but strengthen that which wants to die - for | have not found your works complete before YHWH. 3 And now, remember how you have received and heard; and establish them, and do repentance. And if not, | will come upon? you like a thief, and you will not know at what time | will come. 4 And also your name is heard in Sardis — of those who did not soil^ their garments, and they, they will walk with me in white garments, for they are worthy of this. s And whosoever overcomes, he will walk in white garments, and | will not blot out his name from the scroll of life, and | will confess? his name before my Father and before his messengers. 6 Whosoever has ears must hear what the Ruach says to the assembly."

7 "And to the messenger of the assembly of Philadelphia write: Thus says the Qadosh® and the Faithful, he’ who has the key of Dawid,? who opens and no one is able to shut, and who shuts and no one is able to open - g ‘I know your works. Look, | gave before you an open door and no one is able to shut it -

! Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 2 Plural of רוח‎ (ruach) — the Hebrew word for “spirit,” “breath” or “wind.” 3 Or “against.” ^ Or “defile.” ? Or "acknowledge." 5 Lit. "Set-Apart." 7 Lit. "this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 8 Hebrew name for ‘David.’

66a oie urge 

Transcript 1.1

בי מעט n»‏ יש לך ושמרת את דברי ואינה' כופר בשמי , ראה אני אתן לאילו שהמה מחברותת השטן האומרים שהמה יהודים ואינם רק כוזבים ראה שאני רוצה לעשות שהמה תבואו לתפללי לרגליך ולהכיר שאהבתי אותך p‏ ביון ששמרת הדיבור מתקותי T5‏ אני אשמור אותך מהעת של הנסיון הבא על הארץ לנסות לאילו הדרים על הארץ ,, ראה אני אבא במהרה שמור מה שיש לך כדי שלא np‏ שום אחד את כתריך ,, מי שמנצח אכתוב poy‏ השם מאלהי והשם מירושלים החדש העיר אלהי שיבא מהשמים להארץ מאלהי וגם שמי החדש ,, מי שיש לו אזנים שומע מה שהרוח אומר להעדה ,, ולהמלאך מהעדה לאדיצא mn»‏ כה אמר JON‏ העד נאמן התחלה מהבריאות ;, אני יודע את מעשיך שאתה לא קר ולא חם אולי שתהיה קר או חם ,, אבל כיון שאתה לא קר ולא on‏ בשביל זה ירק אני אותך מפי ,, ואתה תאמר אני עושר ויש לי די

' In the Hebrew Revelation, "אינה"‎ is generally used instead of "אין"‎ The "ה"‎ at the end is not a third feminine singular pronominal suffix. For the use of “n” instead of ^", see note on chapter 1:7. ? Alternative spelling for "להתפלל"‎ . The preformative ‘7’ is occasionally dropped in the infinitive construct even in the Tanach — see e.g. Pro. 24:17 "ובכשלו")‎ for ,("ובהכשלו"‎ Lam. 2:11 "בעטף")‎ for "בהעטף"‎ See also Ex. 10:3 , Ex. 34:24, Deu. 31:11, Is. 1:12, Job 33:30, etc.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 3 66b

for you have little strength, but you have kept my word, and have not denied my name. 9 Look, | will give that those who are of the company of Ha-Satan, who say that they are Yehudim while they are not - only deceivers - look, | am pleased to make that they will come to do supplication’ at your feet, and to acknowledge that | have loved you.19 Because you have kept the word of my hope, so | will keep you from the time of testing, which will come on the earth to test those who dwell on the earth. 11 Look, | will come with haste? - keep what you have, that no one takes your crown. 12 Whosoever overcomes, | will write upon him the name of my Elohim,’ and the name of the new Yerushalayim,’ the city of my Elohim which will come from the heavens to the earth from my Elohim - and also my new name. 13 Whosoever has ears must hear what the Ruach says to the assembly."

14 "And to the messenger of the assembly of Laodicea write: Thus says Amein,° the faithful witness, the beginning of the creation,® 15 '| know your works, that you are not cold nor warm - if only you could be cold or warm! 16 But because you are not cold nor warm, because of this | will spit you from my mouth. 17 Yet you say, '| am rich and have sufficient and there

! Or "pray" — see Is. 45:14, 49:23, 60:14. ? Or "quickly." 3 Usually translated as ‘God.’ In Hebrew however, the word ‘luck’ or ‘fortune’ is pronounced as “gad” and sometimes as “god” (medieval) — see e.g. Gen. 30:10-11, Josh. 11:17, Is. 65:11. Therefore we prefer to not use ‘God.’ ^ Hebrew name for ‘Jerusalem.’ ? "Amein" as a title means “Sure,” “Faithful” or "Truth." 5 Could also be read as "creations" (plural).

67a "und Transcript 1.1

ואינה צורך לשום דבר אבל אינה yv‏ שאתה עני ואביון ; ואני נותן עצתי לך שתקנה anm‏ ממני ותלבוש מלבושים לבנים ומשחת את עיניך בשמן כדי שתוכל לראות ,, ואני מוסר לאילו שאהבתי ועכשיו עשה תשובה ,, ראה אני עומד לפני הפתח ודפק בה ובאם שאחד ישמע את קולי ויפתח הפתח לזה Jos‏ ,, מי שמנצח לזה אתן לישב עימי על כסאי כמו שנצחתי וישבתי ny‏ אבי על ANDS‏ ,, מי שיש לו אזנים שומע מה שהרוח אומר

פרק ד'

| ואחר כך ראיתי T]‏ שנפתח פתח INN‏ בשמים והקול הראשון ששמעתי המדברת עימי כקול שופר אמר לי בא לכאן ואני רוצה להראות לך מה שיהיה אחר כך , ותיכף ומיד שורה עלי רוח הקודש וראיתי כסא אחד ישב בשמים ועל הכסא ישב אחד , והישב עליו היה מראיהו כמראה אבן ספיר וישפה וסביב להכסא היה אחד קשת כמו נפך , וסביב להכסה היה ארבע ועשרים כסאים ועליהם יושבים ארבע ועשרים זקינים

1 Crossed-out letter.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 4 67b

is no need for anything,’ but you do not know that you are poor and needy. 18 Now, let me give you my counsel: that you buy gold from me, and clothe yourself with white garments, and anoint your eyes with oil, that you may be able to see. 19 | discipline’ those whom | love, so therefore do repentance. 20 Look, | stand before the door and knock on it, and if one will hear my voice and open the door, to this one | will come. 21 Whosoever overcomes, him? | will give to sit with me by my throne, like | overcame and sat down with my Father by his throne. 22 Whosoever has ears must hear what the Ruach says."

Revelation Chapter 4

4: 1 And after this | saw that a door was opened in the heavens, and the first voice which | heard - that spoke with me like the voice of a shophar? - said to me, "Come here and | want to show you what will happen after this."

2 And forthwith and immediately Ruach Ha-Qodesh rested* on me, and | saw a throne sitting in the heavens, and one sat on the throne. 3 And he who sat on it, his appearance? was like the appearance of the stone sapphire and jasper,? and around the throne was a bow like turquoise.’ 4 And around the throne were twenty-four thrones? and twenty-four elders sat on

! Or "chasten" or "rebuke." ? Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 3 Hebrew word for “ram’s horn" or "trumpet." ^ Or “abode” or “was dwelling." ? Or possibly ‘face.’ 5 Or possibly ‘jade.’ The exact identification of many precious stones is debated. ? Or possibly ‘malachite’ or ‘garnet.’ 8 Or "seats."

68a "Tua no Transcript 1.1

לבוש במלבושים לבינים ועל ראשיהם כתר 3m‏ , ומהכסא יצא קולות ורעמים וברקים ושבעה נירות לפני הכסא ואילו המה שבעה mmn‏ יהוה , ולפני הכסא היה ים אחד של צלוחית כדמות אחלמה ובתוך [ 1 הכסא וסביב להכסא ארבע חיות מלא may‏ מלפניהם ומאחריהם , mmm‏ הראשון היה כדמות [ 1 אריה והשניה כשור והשלישי כאדם והרביעי כנשר , ולכל ans‏ ששה כנפים ומבפנים מלואים עם עינים ולא יש להם מנוחה יום ולילה ואומרים תמיד קדוש קדוש קדוש יהוה צבאות האדיר mm mmm‏ ויהיה , ו בשעה שהחיות eum‏ שבח והודאה לזה שישב על הכסא ^nm‏ מעולם ועד עולם yo,‏ נופלים הארבע ועשרים זקינים לפניו

1 Crossed-out letters. * Crossed-out letters.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 4 68b

them, clothed with white garments, and on their heads was a crown! of gold. s And from the throne there went out, voices and thunders and lightnings, and there were seven lamps before the throne, and they are the seven Ruchot of YHWH.

e And before the throne was a sea of glass, like the appearance of crystal.^ And in the midst of the throne and around the throne were four living creatures, full of eyes at their front and at their back. 7 And the first living creature was like the appearance of a lion, and the second like an ox, and the third like a man, and the fourth like an eagle? s And each one had six wings, also from the inside they were filled with eyes. And they do not have rest, day or night, but say continually, “Qadosh,* qadosh, qadosh, is YHWH Tseva'ot*° the Mighty,’ who was and is and will be."

9 And when the living creatures give lauding? and thanksgiving to him? who sits on the throne, who lives from everlasting and unto everlasting, 1o the twenty-four elders fall down before

! Hebrew often uses a singular noun to imply plural (collective). 2 Hebrew: "אחלמה"‎ (achlamah) — see chapter 22:1, which indicates that "אחלמה"‎ is not a red or brown Jasper as is commonly believed. ? Compare Eze. 1:10, 10:14. ^ Lit. "Set-apart." ? Hebrew word for “armies.” The full name / title is “YHWH Elohei Tseva'ot" (YHWH the Elohim of Armies). See e.g. Jer. 5:14, Amos 4:13, Rev. 15:3. 5 See Is. 6:3. 7 Or "Majestic." 8 Or “praise.” ? Lit. “this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’

69a פודות הי‎ Transcript 1.1

ומתפללים לזה שחי מעולם ועד עולם וזורקים כתריהם לפניו ואומרים ,, אדון אתה ראויה np‏ כבוד ותפארת כי אתה ברא הכל וע"* רצונך נעשה הכל

פרק ה'

, וזה שישב על הכסא ראיתי ביד ימינו ספר אחד וחתום בחתימות מבפנים ומבחוץ בשבעה חתימות , וראיתי מלאך אחד צעק בקול גדול מי ראויה לפתוח את הספר ולשבר חתימותיו , ושום אחד לא בשמים ובארץ boy‏ לפתוח הספר ולראות בו , ובוכה אני מאוד כיון Now‏ נמצא אחד שראויה לזה הדבר , ואחד מהזקנים אמר לי אל תבכה ראה שנצח האריה היש ממשפחת [ + יודא מהשורש דוד לפתוח הספר ולשבר השבעה חתימות ,; וראיתי שבתוך הכסא והחיות והארבע ועשרים זקינים עמד שה אחד כמו שנהרג ולו היה שבעה קרנים ושבעה עינים ואילו השבעה רוחות mm‏ נשלח בכל הארץ , ובא ולקח הספר מיד 489 ימינו מזה שישב על הכסא , ובשעה שלקח הספר

* This is an alternative from of the infinitive construct with "ל"‎ preposition (root: “Mp>”). Spelled "לקחת"‎ in the Tanach. ? Abbreviation for יד"‎ oy". * Crossed-out letters.

Revelation Chapter 5

Translation 1.1 Sodot 5 69b

him and pray to him! who lives from everlasting and unto everlasting, and they cast their crowns before him and say, 11 "Adon,? you are worthy to receive honor and glory, for you created? everything, and by your will^ everything was made."

5: 4 And he? who sat on the throne - | saw a scroll in his right hand, and it was sealed with seals on the outside and on the inside, with seven seals. 2 And | saw a messenger crying out with a great voice, "Who is worthy to open the scroll and to break its seals?" 3 But no one in the heavens or in the earth was able to open the scroll or to look in it. 4 Then | wept exceedingly because no one was found who was worthy of this matter. 5 But one of the elders said to me, "Do not weep, look, the lion who is from the family of Yehudah,® from the root of Dawid, has overcome to open the scroll and to break the seven seals."

e Then | saw that amongst the throne and the living creatures and the twenty-four elders, there stood a Lamb, like’ he had been slain. And he had seven horns and seven eyes? (and they are the seven Ruchot of YHWH, sent into all the earth). ; And he came and took the scroll from the right hand (193 of him? who sat on the throne. s And when he took the scroll, the four

! Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ ? The Hebrew word for ‘lord’ or ‘master.’ 3 Or “you are the creator of everything.” ^ Or “goodwill.” > Lit. "this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 5 Hebrew name for ‘Judah.’ 7 Or “as if." 8 See Zech. 3:9, 4:10. ? Lit. “this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’

70a ^ סודות‎ Transcript 1.1

היו נופלים הארבע חיות וארבע ועשרים זקינים לפני השה ובידיהם כינור ומחתות מלאים קטורת וזאת היא תפילת הקדושים , וזמרו שיר חדש ואמרו אתה ראויה ליקח' הספר ולפתוח את חתימותיו כי אתה נהרג וקנית אותנו בדמיך o‏ ועשית אותנו לכהנים ולמלכים ואנחנו נהיו מלכים על van‏ וראיתי ושמעתי קולות הרבה מהמלאכים סביב להכסא ומספרם היה אלפים רבבות 2 ואומרים בקול גדול השה הנהרג ראויה לבח ולכבוד ולתפארת ולתהילת ,, וכל הבריאות היש בשמים oy‏ הארץ ומתחת הארץ ובים שמעתי שאומרים לזה היושב על הכסא ולהשה כבוד ותהילות ושבח מעולם ועד עולם ,; וארבע החיות עונים אמן וארבע ועשרים זקינים נופלים ומתפללים לזה שחי מעולם ועד עולם

פרק ו'

, וראיתי שהשה פתח INN‏ מחתימות ושמעתי שהארבע חיות אומרים כקול אחד בא וראה , וראיתי סוס אחד לבן והיושב עליו היה

“This is an alternative from of the infinitive construct with "ל"‎ preposition (root: ("לקח"‎ Spelled "לקחת"‎ in the Tanach.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 6 70b

living creatures and twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, and in their hands were lyres and fire pans full of incense (and this is the prayer of the set-apart ones). 9 And they sang a new song and said, "You are worthy to take! the scroll and to open its seals, for you were slain and bought us with your blood, 10 and made us priests and kings, that we may be kings? over the earth."

11 Then | saw and | heard many voices of the messengers around the throne - and their number was twenty million.? 12 And they said with a great voice, "The Lamb who was slain is worthy of power and honor and glory and praises!" 13 And all the creations^ which are in the heavens and on the earth and under the earth and in the sea, | heard saying, "To him? who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb, be honor and praises and lauding, from everlasting and unto everlasting." 14 Then the four living creatures answered "Amein," and the twenty-four elders fell down and prayed to him? who lives from everlasting and unto everlasting.

Revelation Chapter 6

6: 1 Then | saw that the Lamb opened one of the seals, and | heard the four living creatures say - like one voice - "Come and see!" 2 Then | saw a white horse, and he who sat on it had

! Or "receive." ? Or possibly 'that we may reign over the earth.' 3 Lit. “two thousand ten-thousands" — could also be read as "thousands, ten-thousands." ^ Or "created things." > Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 5 Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’

71a ^ סודות‎ Transcript 1.1

בידו קשת אחד ולו נותן כתר אחד והוא הלך לנצח ונצח , וביון שנפתח חתימות השני שמעתי שחיה השניה אמר בא וראה , Tom‏ לחו'ן סוס אחר DIN‏ והיושב voy‏ נותן ליקח השלום מהאר ץ ולו נותן חרב גדול ; ו בשעה שפתח חתימת השלישי אמר החיה השלישי בא וראה וראיתי סוס אחד שחר והיושב voy‏ היה בידו מאזנים אחד , ושמעתי קול אחד בתוך הארבע חיות אמר מדה אחת חיטים בשני פנים ושלושה מדות שעורים בשני פנים ולהשמן והיין אל תעשה רע , וכיון שפתח חתימת הרביעי שמעתי החיה הרבעי אומר בא וראה , וראיתי סוס אחד ברד ואמץ וזה שישב voy‏ היה שמו מלאך המות והגיהנם הלך אחריו ולו נותן רשות להמית pon‏ רביעי על הארץ בחרב וברעב ובמות "y‏ חיות האריץ

* Abbreviation for יד"‎ 5x1".

Translation 1.1 Sodot 6 71b

a bow in his hand, and a crown was given to him, and he went to overcome, and he overcame.

3 And when the second seal was opened, | heard the second living creature say, “Come and see!” 4 Then another red horse went out, and he who sat on it was given to take away the shalom from the earth, and a great sword was given to him.

s And when he opened the third seal, the third living creature said, "Come and see!" Then | saw a black horse, and he who sat on it had a pair of scales in his hand. e And | heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures, saying, "A measure of wheat for two [coins],! and three measures of barley for two [coins], and to the oil and the wine, do not do damage!”

7 And when he opened the fourth seal, | heard the fourth living creature say, "Come and see!" 8 Then | saw a speckled and strong? horse, and he^ who sat on it, his name was The Messenger of Death, and Ha-Gei-Hinnom? followed after him. And authority was given to him to put to death a fourth part on the earth, with the sword and with famine and with death, and by animals of the earth.^

! Hebrew: "פנים"‎ (panim) - lit. “faces,” and probably refers to coins with faces on them. ? See above note. ? See Zech. 6:3. ^ Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ > Lit. "The valley of Hinnom." See footnote on chapter 1:18. 5 Or "by wild animals."

72a ^ סודות‎ Transcript 1.1

mmo»,‏ שפתח החמישי ראיתי תחת ההיכל הנשמות שנהרגו על קדושת mm‏ ובשביל העדות שהיה להם ₪ וצועקים בקול נדול ואומרים אדון הקדוש והנאמן עד מתי תשפוט ואינה תנקם דמינו מאילו הדרים על האר y‏ ולכל אחד מהם נותן מלבושי לבן ונאמר להם שתשקטו עוד זמן מועט ,, ואריתי שפתח השישי mm‏ רעדות האריץ והשמש היה שחור והירח היה אדם כדם ,)55 צבאם יבול כנבל עלה מגפן וכנבלת מתאנה ,, וכל ההרים וגבעות נדעזו ממקומם ,| ומלכי ארץ ורוזנים והעשירים והשוטרים והעבדים והחופשים סותרים במערות צרים ובמחלות עפר ,| ואומרים לההרים ולסלעים נפול עלינו וסותר ואתנו מפני המראה של זה היושב על הכסא ומפני mn‏ השה,, כי היום מחרון אפו בא ומי Soy‏ לעמוד לפניו

Translation 1.1 Sodot 6 72b

9 And when he opened the fifth, | saw under the temple the persons' which were killed because of the set-apartness of YHWH, and because of the testimony? which they had. 10 And they cried out with a great voice and said, “Set-apart and faithful Adon, until when will you judge without avenging our blood from those who dwell on the earth?!" 11 And to every one of them were given white garments, and it was said to them that they should rest yet a little time.

12 And | saw that he opened the sixth, and there was an earthquake and the sun was? black and the moon was’ red like blood, 1s and all their host fell down like a leaf falls from a vine, and like the withering? of a fig tree.° 14 And all the mountains and hills were [shaken] away from their place. 15 And the kings of the earth and the rulers and the rich ones and the officers and the slaves and the free ones, hid in narrow caves and holes in the ground. 16 And they said to the mountains and to the rocks, "Fall on us, and hide us because of the appearance' of him? who sits on the throne, and because of the fury of the Lamb! 17 For the day of his burning anger has come, and who is able to stand before him?!"

! Or "souls" — lit. “breaths.” ? Hebrew: "עדות"‎ (edut) — one of the names for the Torah. ? Or "became." ^ Or "became." ? The same Hebrew word is used for “withering” and "fall" and can mean to "wither and fall." 5 Quoted from Is. 34:4. 7 Or possibly ‘face.’ 8 Lit. "this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’

73a סודות זי‎ Transcript 1.1

פרק ז'

, ואחר כך ראיתי ארבע מלאכים עומדים אל ארבע פינות הארץ ומתאפקים' הארבע רוחות הארץ כדי שלא תהיה רוח על הארץ ועל המים ועל שום yy‏ וראיתי מלאך אחר שבא ממזרח השמש ולו היה החותם מהאל חי וקיים וצעק בקול נדול להארבע מלאכים הנותן להם להזיק הארץ והים , ואמר אל תזיקו להאריץ ולהים או לעץ עד שאתן תו על מצחות עבדי יהוה , ושמעתי המספר מאילו שנחתמו היה מאה וארבע וארבעים אלפים שנחתמו ממשפחות בני ישראל , משבט יהודא שנים עשר אלף משבט ראובן שנים עשר אלף ומשבט גד שנים עשר אלף; משבט אשר שנים עשר אלף משבט נפתלי שנים עשר אלף משבט מנשה mus‏ עשר אלף , משבט שמעון שנים עשר PON‏ משבט לוי שנם עשר אלף ומשבט יששכר שנים עשר אלף , משבט זבולון שנים עשר אלף ומשבט nov‏ שנים עשר אלף ומשבט peus‏ שנים עשר אלף , ואחר T»‏ ראיתי חברותה גדולה שלא »55 לספור מכל העמים עומדים לפני הכסא

* Crossed out and replaced with "ואוחזים בידם"‎ — in similar script to main text.

Revelation Chapter 7

Translation 1.1 Sodot 7 73b

7: 1 And after this | saw four messengers standing at the four ends' of the earth, and holding back? the four winds of the earth, so that there would not be wind on the earth or on the waters or on any tree. 2 Then | saw another messenger which came from the rising of the sun,’ and he had the seal of the living El, and he imposed“ and cried out with a great voice to the four messengers to whom it was given to damage the earth and the sea, 3 and he said, “Do not damage the earth or the sea or the trees, until | place a mark on the foreheads of the servants of YHWH."

4 And | heard the number of those who were sealed: it was an hundred and forty-four thousand — who were sealed, of the families of the children of Yisrael. 5 From the tribe of Yehudah, twelve thousand; from the tribe of Re’uven, twelve thousand; and from the tribe of Gad, twelve thousand. 6 From the tribe of Asher, twelve thousand; from the tribe of Naphtali, twelve thousand; from the tribe of Menasheh, twelve thousand. 7 From the tribe of Shim'on, twelve thousand; from the tribe of Lewi, twelve thousand; and from the tribe of Yisachar, twelve thousand. s From the tribe of Zevulun, twelve thousand; and from the tribe of Yoseph, twelve thousand; and from the tribe of Binyamin, twelve thousand.

9 And after this | saw a great company which one is not able to number, from all the nations, standing before the throne and

! Lit. “turning places" — could also possibly mean ‘quarters.’ ? Crossed out and replaced with "holding fast in their hand" — in similar script to main text. ? Hebrew way of saying "east." ^ Or "charged."

74a פודות ה‎ 

Transcript 1.1

ולפני השה ולובשים במלבושים לבינים ובידיהם ענפים ₪ וצועקים בקול גדול ואומרים ליהוה הישועה ולהשה ,, וכל המלאכים עומדים סביב להכסא והזקינים והחיות ונופלים על פניהם לפני הכסא ומתפללים ליהוה ,, ואומרים שבח והודאה ותהילות וכבוד ותפארת וכח וגבורה תהיה לאלהינו [מעולם] ועד עולם אמן ,, ויען אחד מהזקינים ואמר לי מי אילו ca‏ הלובשים במלבושים לבינים ומאיזה מקום באים המה ,, ואמרתי לו אדון אתה יודע והוא אמר לי אילו המה הבאים מתוך הרבה צער ורחצו בגדיהם וזקקו בגדיהם בדם השה ;, ובשביל זה המה לפני הכסא mm‏ ושרתו אותו יום ולילה וזה שישב על הכסא תדור' עליהם ,, והיא' לא ירעבו ולא יצמאו ולא o>‏ שרב ושמש | כי השה ינהגם Bmw‏ לבאר מים ומחה יהוה אלהים דמעה מעל כל פנים

פרק ח' ma»,‏ שפתח השביעי שותקים כולם בשמים כשעה חדאי , וראיתי שבעה מלאכים DNI

‏

* For the use of “n” instead of "^", see note on chapter 1:7. 2 Probably used collectively (“they”), could also possibly mean “and this is:” — introducing the quote from the Tanach. ? An expression borrowed from Biblical Aramaic. See Dan. 4:16.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 8 74b

before the Lamb, and they were clothed in white garments, and in their hands were branches, 10 and they cried out with a great voice and said, “Salvation belongs to YHWH,' and to the Lamb!" 11 And all the messengers were standing around the throne and the elders and the living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and prayed to YHWH, 12 and said, “Lauding and thanksgiving and praises and honor and glory and power and strength be to our Elohim, from [everlasting] and unto everlasting, amein!"

13 Then one of the elders answered and said to me, “Who are these aoa who are clothed with white garments, and from what place do they come?" 14 So | said to him, “Adon, you know." And he said to me, "They are those who come from the midst of much? suffering, and they have washed their garments and purified their garments with the blood of the Lamb. 15 And because of this they are before the throne of YHWH, and serve him day and night, and he? who sits on the throne, he will dwell by them. 16 And they will not be hungry nor thirsty, and burning heat and the sun will not smite them,” 17 for the Lamb will lead them to a well of waters,” and YHWH Elohim will wipe off the tears from all faces."*

Revelation Chapter 8

8: 4 And when he opened the seventh, everyone in the heavens was silent for a moment, 2 and | saw seven messengers coming

! See Ps. 3:8, Jonah 2:9. ? Or "great." 3 Lit. "this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ ^ Quoted from Is. 49:10. 5 Compare Is. 49:10. 5 Quoted from Is. 25:8.

75a סודות ח'‎ 

Transcript 1.1

לפני יהוה ולהם נותן שבעה שופרות , ומלאך אחר בא ודרך אצל ההיכל ובידו מחתות של זהב ולו נותן הרבה קטורת לית[ לתפילת הקדושים לפני ההיכל ולפני הכסא , והעשן מהקטרת הקדושים הלך מיד המלאך לפני יהוה ; והמלאך לקח המחתה ומלא אותו באש px"‏ על האריץ ובא mo»‏ ורעמים וברקים , והשבעה מלאכים עם השבעה שופרות היו מוכנים לתקוע , והמלאך הראשון תוקע והיה ברד ואש בלל בדם ונפל על הארץ ושליש מהעצים נשרף וכל ירק השדה נשרף , והשני תוקע והיה בהר גדול שרף באש om‏ בים ושליש mn‏ היה דם , ושליש מבריאות הים מתים ושליש מספינות ניטבעים

* This is an alternative from of the infinitive construct with "ל"‎ preposition (root: ^13"). Normally spelled "לתת"‎ in the Tanach.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 8 75b

before YHWH, and seven shopharot' were given to them. 3 And another messenger came and stepped? next to the temple, and golden fire pans were in his hand. And much incense was given to him, to give /f as the prayer of the set- apart ones, before the temple, and? before the throne. 4 And the smoke of the incense of the set-apart ones went up from the hand of the messenger, before YHWH. s Then the messenger took the fire pan, and filled it with fire and poured it out on the earth, and there came voices and thunders and lightnings.

e And the seven messengers with the seven shopharot^ were ready? to blow. 7 Then the first messenger blew, and there was? hail and fire mixed with blood, and it fell on the earth, and a third of the trees were burnt up, and all the green plants of the field were burnt up.

s Then the second blew, and there was’ something like a great mountain burning with fire, and it went into the sea, and a third of the sea was? blood. 9 And a third of the creatures of the sea died, and a third of the ships sank.

! Plural of שופר‎ (shophar) - the Hebrew word for “ram’s horn" or "trumpet." ? Or "stood." ? Or "even." ^ Plural of שופר‎ (shophar) - the Hebrew word for "ram's horn" or “trumpet.” ? Or "prepared." 5 Or "there came." 7 Or "there came." 5 Or "became."

76a ‘MINS 

Transcript 1.1

, והשלישי תוקע ונפל כוכב אחד משמים ושרף ונפל by‏ שליש הבארות מים ,, ושם הכוכב היה תולעת ושליש een‏ היה מר והרבה בני אדם מתים ע"" המים מפני מורריהם ,, והרביעי תוקע ונלקה [ 1 השליש מהשמש והירח וכוכבים ושליש מהיום לא Bn m‏ הלילה 4 וראיתי ושמעתי מלאך אחד רחף בשמים וצעק בקול גדול "IN IN‏ אוי לאילו הדרים על הארץ מפני הקול השופרת שצריכים עוד לתקוע השלושה מלאכים

פרק ט'

, והמלאך החמישי תוקע וראיתי כוכב אחד נפל על האריץ משמים ולו נותן המפתח  [‏ 1 מתהום, nne‏ התהום Nx"‏ עשן מתהום כמו עשן מתנור גדול והחשך השמש והאויר מעשן התהום

* Abbreviation for יד"‎ by”. * Crossed-out letters. ? Crossed-out letters.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 9 76b

10 Then the third blew, and a star fell from the heavens, and it was burning, and it fell on a third of the wells' of water. 11 And the name of that star was Tola'at;? and a third of the waters was? bitter, and many of the sons of man* died by the hand? of the waters, because of their bitterness.

12 Then the fourth blew, and there was stricken? — a third of the sun and the moon and the stars. And a third of the day did not shine, and also the night.’ 13 Then | saw and heard a messenger flying in the heavens, and he cried out with a great voice, "Woe, woe, woe to those who dwell on the earth, because of the sound of the shopharot which the three messengers who still have to blow!"

Revelation Chapter 9

9: 1 Then the fifth messenger blew, and | saw that a star fell onto? the earth from the heavens, and to him the key of the Deep? was given. 2 Then he opened the Deep, and there went out smoke from the Deep, like the smoke of a great oven, and the sun and the air were darkened by the smoke of the Deep."

! Or "cisterns." ? Or "Scarlet Worm" or "Scarlet-Red," probably named so because the water was changed to red, bitter blood (compare verse 8, and Ex. 7:15- 25). ? Or "became." ^ Or "descendants of the man,” meaning "people" or “humans.” > A Hebrew idiom meaning "by" or "through" or “by means of." 5 Or “smitten” or possibly ‘eclipsed.’ 7 Meaning ‘also a third of the night’ — the phrase ‘a third’ is implied in the second half of this sentence. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). 8 Or possibly ‘to.’ ? Hebrew: "mnn" (tehom) — here used as synonym of She'ol. 1? Or "and he darkened the sun and the air with the smoke of the deep."

77a סודות מ'‎ 

Transcript 1.1

, ומהעשן באים ] T‏ על הארץ ולהם נותן רשות [ 1 להשחית , ונאמר להם wow‏ תזיקו לירק ולעשב השדה או לעיץ רק לבד לבני אדם soy‏ יש להם החתימת במצחיהם מיהוה , ולהם נותן לא להמית אותם רק לצער אותם חמשה חדשים וצעריהם היה כצער עקרבים באם שנושך , ובימים ההמה תחכימו למות ולא תמצאנו , וארבהים המה כמו הסוסים המוכנים למלחמה ועל ראשיהם כדמות כתרי זהבים ומראיהם כמראות האדם , ושערותיהם כשערות הנשים ושניו כשני אריה 9 ₪ וזנביהם היה כזנבי ארבה ולהם נותן רשות לצער הבני DIN‏ חמשה an o DYN‏ ומלך שלהם היה מלאך אחד מתהום ושמו בלשון עברי אבדון ובלשון יון אפלליא] az,‏ אחד כעב הלך ראה עוד שני כעבים oy ₪ DNI‏ והמלאך השישי תקע ושמעתי קול אחד מארבע פינות ההיכל לפני יהוה uu,‏ ואומרת

' Word crossed out and replaced with "ארבהים"‎ — in same script as main text. * Crossed-out word.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 11 77b

3 And from the smoke there came locusts over the earth, and authority was given to them to destroy.

4 And it was said to them that “You must not damage the green plants or the plants of the field or the trees, but only the sons of man who do not have the seal of YHWH on their foreheads."' 5 And it was given to them, not to kill them, but to inflict them with pain for five months. And their pain was like the pain of scorpions when they sting. 6 And in those days you will act wisely” to die, but you will not find it.

7 And the locusts were like horses that are prepared for war — and on their heads were something like? crowns of gold, and their appearance’ was like the appearance? of man. s And their hair was like the hair of women, and their? teeth were like the teeth of a lion, 9,10] and their tails were like the tails of locusts. And authority was given to them to inflict the sons of man with pain, for five months. 10 ]11[ And their king was a messenger of the Deep, and his name in the Hebrew tongue is Avadon,’ and in the Greek tongue, Apollyon. 1112] One® pain has passed away, look, two more pains are coming!

12 [13] Then the sixth messenger blew, and | heard a voice from the four corners of the temple before YHWH, 13 [14] and it said

1 Could also mean: ‘who were not sealed on their foreheads by YHWH.’ ? Meaning 'try with wisdom' or 'try wisely.' ? Or "like the form of." ^ Or possibly ‘face.’ ? Or possibly ‘face’ — plural in Hebrew. 6 Lit. "its" — collective use. 7 Lit. "Destruction." 8 Or “The first."

78a סודות מ'‎ 

Transcript 1.1

להמלאך השישי שתקע לך וחפש להארבע מלאכים האסורים אצל הים הגדול הנקרא פרת ,,, והארבע מלאכים היו מוכנים להמית השליש מבני אדם בשעה וביום ובחודש ובשנה og ₪ TON‏ רכביהם היה מספרם רבתים אלפי ושמעתי מספרם 6 on‏ ואחר כך ראיתי בצורת הסוסים והיושבים עליהם שהיה להם מלבושים של ne‏ וגפרת ואש וראשי הסוסים כראשי האריה [ ז ומפיהם הלך אש ועשן ונפרית uu,‏ ומאילו השלושה נהרג השליש מבני DIN‏ 44 כי כוחם היה בפיהם וזנביהם היה כנחשים וראשים היה להם ובאילו הורגים אותם ,,,4 אבל היה עוד הרבה בני אדם שלא יומתו "vy‏ אילו הנגעים בשביל שעשו תשובה על מעשיהם הרעים ולא מתפללים להשטן ולא לע" הנעשה מחרס ומאבן או מעיץ וכסף וזהב שלא יש בהם יכולת לילך' או לדבר או לשמוע

* Crossed-out letters. * Abbreviation for ."על יד"‎ ? Abbreviation for "עבודה זרה"‎ — a euphemism meaning “idols”. ^ This is an alternative from of the infinitive construct with "ל"‎ preposition (root: ("הלך"‎ . Spelled "ללכת"‎ in the Tanach.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 9 78b

to the sixth messenger who blew, “Go and loosen' the four messengers who are bound at the great river? which is called Perat.? 1415] And these four messengers were made ready to kill the third of the sons of man in an hour and in a day and in a month and in a year.*

15 [16] And the number of their riders? was twenty million,? and | heard their number. 16 [17] And after this | saw the shapes’ of the horses and those who sat on them, that they had garments of pitch and sulphur and fire. And the heads of the horses were like the heads of the lion, and from their mouths there went out fire and smoke and sulphur. 17 (18; And by these three, the third of the sons of man were killed, 1819] for their power was in their mouth, and their tails were like serpents, and they had heads, and with these they killed them. 19 ]20[ But there were still many sons of man who did not die by these plagues - because they did? repentance from their evil deeds, by not praying to Ha-Satan, neither to the idols which are made of pottery and of stone or wood and silver and gold, which do not have the ability in them to walk or to speak or to hear — 0

1 Lit. “set free." ? Lit. “sea,” but could also mean ‘river,’ compare with chapter 16:11, see also 12:18 [15] and Is. 19:5. 3 Hebrew name for ‘Euphrates.’ ^ Meaning "at a certain hour of a certain day of a certain month of a certain year." ? Or possibly ‘chariots.’ 5 Lit. “twenty thousand thousands." 7 Or “appearances.” 8 Or possibly ‘in order that they should do.’

79a פודות יי‎ 

Transcript 1.1

uu,‏ ושלא wy»‏ תשובה על כשפינם ועל 1 1 זנותיהם או על ננבתיהם

פרק י'

, וראיתי מלאך אחר ירד משמים ולבוש בענן אחד וקשת על ראשו ומראיהו בשמש ורנליו כלהבת אש , 4 ובידו ספר אחד פתוח ודרך עם רגל ימינו על הים ועם שמאלו על היבשה , וצעק בקול גדול כצעק האריה ובשעה שצעק מדברים שבעה קולות בקוליהם , ואחר שדברו בקוליהם רציתי לכתוב אותם שמעתי בת קול משמים האומרת לי סתם' אותם ואל תכתוב , והמלאך העומד על הים ועל היבשה [ 1 שראיתי ירם ימינו ושמאלו אל השמים , וישבע בחי העולם הברא השמים ומה שיש בה והארץ mm‏ וכל מה שיש בהם שלא ^" mw‏ עת , רק באם שהשבעה מלאכים תוקעים בשופרות תכלינה כל אלה הסודות יהוה כמו שמודיע לעבדיו ולנביאיו

* Crossed-out letters. ? Altered to "סגור"‎ — in similar / same script as main text. * Crossed-out letter. 4 Margin reads "יהיה עוד כך"‎ — in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 11 79b

[21j but who did not do repentance concerning their sorceries or concerning their fornication or concerning their thefts.

Revelation Chapter 10

10: 1 Then | saw another messenger descending from the heavens, and he was clothed with a cloud,’ and a bow was over? his head - and his appearance? was like the sun, and his feet like a flame of fire. 2 104) And in his hand was an open scroll, and he stepped‘ on the sea with his right foot, and on the dry land with his left. 3 And he cried out with a loud voice, like the lion roars.? And when he had cried out, seven voices? spoke with their voices. 4 And after they had spoken with their voices, | wanted to write them,’ but | heard a voice? from the heavens which said to me, "Shut them up, and do not write."

5 And the messenger who was standing on the sea and on the land, which I had seen, lifted up his right hand and his left hand unto the heavens. 6 And he swore by the Ever-Living — who created the heavens and what is in it, and the earth and the sea and whatever is in them - that there was? no time, 7 but, when the seven messengers blow with the shopharot, all these confidential counsels of YHWH will be completed, just like he made /f known to his servants and” to his prophets.

! Or "clouds." ? Or "above" or "on." ? Or possibly ‘face.’ ^ Or "stood." > Lit. “cries out." 5 Hebrew often uses “voices” for “thunders.” 7 Refers to the "seven voices." 5 Hebrew: "בת בו"‎ (bat gol) - meaning ‘a voice from heaven.’ 5 Or possibly ‘would be.’ 10 Could mean “even.”

80a סודות י"א‎ 

Transcript 1.1

, ושמעתי my‏ פעם בת קול אמר לי לך np!‏ הספר J‏ [ הפתוח מיד המלאך העומד על הים ועל היבשה , והלכתי להמלאך ואמרתי לו תנו לי הספר והוא אמר לי קח ובולע אותה ויהיה לך כדבש בפיך אבל במעיך יעשה WS qo‏ ₪ ולקחתי הספר מיד המלאך ובולע' אותו mm‏ כדבש בפי ואחר שאכלתי עשה לי צער במעי ,, והוא אמר לי אתה צריך לניבא עוד פעם לאומים ולעמים ולמלכים

פרק י"א

, ונותן לי קנה אחד כדמות מטה ואמר DIP‏ למדוד ההיכל יהוה ומזבחו ואילו המתפללים בו , אבל ההיכל הפנימי זרוק לחוץ ולא תמדד כי הוא נותן להעמים ודרסו העיר הקודש ארבעים ושנים חדשים , ואני נותן את שני עדים שלי והם מנבאים אלף ושני מאות ושישים יום ולבוש בשקים , ואלה המה שני זיתים ושני אבוקות עומדים לפני אלהי הארץ , ואם שאחד רוצה לעשות להם רעה תבוא אש ושרף אותם ; an‏ יש רשות לסגור השמים שלא יבא נשם על הארץ בימי נבאיהם ועל המים להפך בדם msnm‏ הארץ בנגעים בכל ny‏ שירצו

* Crossed-out letters. ? Altered to read "בלעתי"‎ — in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 11 80b

8 Then | again heard a voice' saying to me, “Go, and take the open scroll from the hand of the messenger who stands on the sea and on the land." 9 So | went to the messenger and said to him, "Give me the scroll." And he said to me, "Take and swallow it, and it will be for you like honey in your mouth, but in your belly it will make you pain." 10 So | took the scroll from the hand of the messenger and swallowed it, and it was like honey in my mouth; but after | ate it, it made me pain in my belly. 11 Then he said to me, "You must prophesy again to? nations and to peoples and to kings."

Revelation Chapter 11

11: 1 Then a reed like a rod was given to me, and he said, "Stand up, measure the temple of YHWH, and his? altar, and those who worship in it, 2 but cast out the inner temple, and do not measure /5 for it is given to the nations, and they will tread down the set-apart city, forty-two months. 3 And | will give my two witnesses; and they will prophesy a thousand two hundred and sixty days, clothed in sackcloth."

4 And these are the two olive trees and the two torches, standing before the Elohim of the earth. 5 And if one wants to do them evil,* fire comes and burns them. 6 And they have authority to shut the heavens so that rain does not come on the earth in the days of their prophesying; and over the waters, to turn them into blood; and to smite the earth with plagues at any time that they want.

! Hebrew: קול"‎ n2" (bat qol) - meaning ‘a voice from heaven.’ 2 Or “about nations and peoples and kings.” 3 Or possibly “its.” ^ Or "harm."

81a סודות י"א‎ 

Transcript 1.1

; ואחר שכלא עדותם יעשה mm‏ שהלך מתהום מלחמה עימם וינצח אותם ויהרג אותם , ונבלתיהם תזרקו על הרחובות מהעיר הקדושה הנקרא סדום ומצרים כיו' ששם 2533 אדונינו, ואיזה מהעמים ומהשבטים יראו את נבלתיהם שלושה ימים וחצי ולא תקברו אותם ,, ואילו הדרים על הארץ ישמחו עליהם וישלחו מתנות איש לרעיהו כי [ 1 הנביאים הללו עשו הרבה צער לאילו הדרים על הארץ ,, ואחר שלושה ימים וחצי (eap‏ המה ודורסים על רגליהם ופחד ואימה גדולה נפל על אילו הרואים אותם ,, ושומעים קול אחד אמר להם עלו ויעלו למעלה בשמים בענן אחד וראו אותם שונאיהם ,, ובשעה הזאת היה רעדות הארץ וחלק עשירי מהעיר נפל וימת שבעה אלפים מבני אדם ואחרים נבהלו ונתנו שבח לאלהי השמים,, ראה הצער השני הלך והשלישי בא

* Crossed out (not by original scribe) and margin reads המקום ששם"‎ a" — in different script than main text. For the use of “n” instead of "^", see note on chapter 1:7. * Crossed-out letters. * Altered to "יקומו"‎ — in similar / same script as main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 11 81b

7 And after they have completed their testimony, the animal’ which comes from the Deep will make war with them, and will overcome them and kill them. 8 And their corpses will be thrown on the plains? of the set-apart city, which is called Sedom? and Mitsrayim,* because our Adon was crucified there. 9 And some of the nations and of the tribes will see their corpses, three and a half days, and they will not bury them. 10 And those who dwell on the earth will rejoice about them, and will send one another gifts, for these prophets caused much suffering to those who dwell on the earth.

11 And after three and a half days they stood up and stepped? on their feet! And fear and great terror fell on those who saw them. 12 And they heard a voice saying to them, "Come up!" Then they went up into the heavens in* a cloud, and their haters’ saw them. 13 And in that hour there was an earthquake, and a tenth part of the city fell, and seven thousand of the sons of man died, and the others were terrified and gave praise? to the Elohim of the heavens. 14 Look, the second pain has passed, and the third is coming!

! Or "beast." Compare Daniel chapters 7 & 8. - The Bible often uses the term 'animal' or 'beast' to refer to a kingdom and / or its leader or king. ? Or "open places," or possibly "streets." ? Hebrew name for ‘Sodom.’ ^ Hebrew name for ‘Egypt.’ ? Or "were standing — stepping on their feet!" 5 Or “with.” 7 Synonym of “enemies.” 8 Or “lauding.”

82a ייב‎ MTD 

Transcript 1.1

פרק י"ב

uasa‏ והמלאך השביעי vm yon‏ קולות הרבה בשמים האומרים העשירים' מהעולם הזה הולכים כולם אחר אדונינו ישוע והוא ימשל מעולם ועד עולם ae.‏ וארבע ועשרים זקינים היושבים על כסאיהם לפני יהוה נופלים על emis‏ ומתפללים ליהוה aa‏ ואומרים אנו נותנים שבח לך אדון צבאות ההיה והוה ויהיה quy,‏ והעמים נתמלאו אף וחימה ובא אפך והעת לשפוט המתים וליתן השכר לעבדיך הנביאים ולקדושים ולאילו היראים מפניך לקטנים ולגדולים ולהשחית לאילו שהשחיתו האר/ naas‏ ma‏ תפילת יהוה נפתח בשמים ונתראה pas‏ לוחות הברית בבית תפילתו והיה קולות ורעמים וברקים ורעדות הארץ וברד גדול ans‏ ונתראה נס גדול בשמים אחד אשה לבש בשמש והירח תחת רגליה ועל ראשה כתר אחד מן שניים עשר כוכבים ,,, והיא היה מעוברת וצועקת והיא T]‏ יושבת על המשבר mm‏ לה הרבה צער בשביל הלירה

* Altered to "הכשרם"‎ — in different script than main text. * Crossed-out word.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 12 82b

12: 1 11:15) Then the seventh messenger blew, and there were many voices in the heavens, which said, “The rich' ones of the world, all of them came after our lord Yeshua, and he will reign from everlasting unto everlasting!”* 2 ]11:16[ And the twenty- four elders who sat on their thrones? before YHWH, fell on their faces and prayed to YHWH, 3 [11:17] and said, "We give praise^ to you Adon Tseva'ot, who was and is and will be! 4 [1118] When? the nations were filled with anger and wrath, your anger came; also the time to judge the dead ones; and to give wages to your servants the prophets, and to the set-apart ones, and to those who fear you, to the small ones and to the great ones; and to destroy those who destroyed the earth."

5 [1133]. And YHWH's house of prayer was opened in the heavens, and the ark of the tables of the covenant was seen in his house of prayer, and there were voices and thunders and lightnings and an earthquake, and great hail.

Revelation Chapter 12

6 [121] And a great sign appeared in the heavens: a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon was under her feet, and on her head was a crown of twelve stars. 7 [2ן‎ And she was pregnant and cried out, and she was at the point to give birth, and she had much pain because of the birth.

! Altered to "right / worthy / lawful ones" — in different script than main text. ? A Hebrew idiom which often means "forever and ever" — see e.g. Jer. 7:7, 25:5, 1Chr. 16:36, Neh. 9:5, Ps. 41:13, 103:17, 106:48. ? Or "seats." ^ Or “lauding.” ? Or "While" - lit. “And the nations were filled with anger and wrath, and your anger came."

83a פודות ייב‎ 

Transcript 1.1

as‏ ונס אחר היה בשמים וראיתי אחד תנין ולו היה שבעה ראשים ועשרה קרנים ועל ראשיו שבעה כתרים .4 וזנבו לקח שליש מהכוכבים pan‏ אותם על האריץ והתנין דרך לפני האשה שתילד כדי לאכול הילד באם שנולד ₪ ₪ וילדה בן אחד המנהג העמים בשבט ברזל והילד מובא לפני יהוה וכסאו ,, 6 והאשה הלכה במדבר כיון שהיה מוכן לה שם מקום אחד מיהוה לפרנס אותה שם אלף ושני מאות וששים יום ,4 ונעשה מלחמה בשמים המלאך מיכאל עם מלאביו נלחמו עם התנין ומלאכיו לחמו עימם 4 ולא נצחו וגם לא נמצא my‏ את מקומם בשמים s,‏ ונשלך לחוץ התנין הגדול הנקרא השטן המשחית והמסית את כל העולם והוא עם מלאכיו נשלכים על הארץ לדור שם gem Qs,‏ ושמעתי קול גדול בשמים שאמר עכשיו נתראה גבורות אלהינו ומשיחו כיון שנשלך לחוץ זה שהיה כל ny‏ לשטן עליהם ,,,4 וינצחו אותו "y‏ דם

* Abbreviation for יד"‎ 5%”.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 12 83b

8 [3] And there was another sign in the heavens, and | saw a dragon, and he had seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads were seven crowns. 9,4) And his tail took a third of the stars, and cast them on the earth. And the dragon stepped' before the woman who would give birth, in order to devour the child when he was born. 1o [sj Then she gave birth to a son, who would lead? the nations with a rod of iron, and the son was brought before YHWH and his throne. 11 jg, Then the woman went into the wilderness, for there a place was prepared for her by YHWH, to sustain her there a thousand two hundred and sixty days.

12 [7] And there was war in the heavens: the messenger Michael? with his messengers made war with the dragon, also his messengers made war with them. 13 js] But they did not overcome, neither was their place in heaven found anymore. 14 [9] So the great dragon was cast out, who is called Ha-Satan, who destroys and seduces the whole world. And he with his messengers were cast onto the earth to dwell there.

15 [10] (104) Then | heard a great voice in the heavens which said, "Now the might^ of our Elohim and his Mashiach has appeared, for he? is cast out who was as an adversary? against them all the time. 15 [11j And they overcame him by the blood

! Or "stood." ? Or possibly ‘rule.’ 3 Pronounced “Mi-cha’el” in Hebrew. ^ Or "mighty deeds." > Lit."this one.” 5 Hebrew: "שטן"‎ (satan) - means “adversary” or “accuser.”

84a 2” MTD 

Transcript 1.1

mem‏ וע"" הדיבור מעדותיהם וחשבו את חייהם לכלום א ,, ובשביל זה תשמחו השמים וכל אשר בה ואוי לאילו הדרים על הארץ ועל הים כי השטן ירד לכם בחרון אף גדול ויודע שיש לו זמן מועט ; oy‏ וכיון שראה התנין שנשלך על האריץ רדף אחר האשה שילדה ,4,4 ונותן להאשה שתי כנפים כנשר גדול כדי לילך במדבר במקום שנתן לה יהוה לפרנס אותה שם עת אחד ושני עיתים וחצי מפני התנין Qa‏ והשליך התנין אחר האשה מים [מפיו] כים גדול כדי להשקיט אותה uq‏ אבל היה להאשה ישועה מהאדמה כיון שפתחה את פיה ובלע המים שהשליך התנין אחריה ano‏ והתנין נתמלא באף על אודות האשה והלך ללחום עם הנותרים מזרעה העושים את מצות יהוה והמאמינים בעדות של משיחו

1 Abbreviation for יד"‎ by”. * This is an alternative from of the infinitive construct with "ל"‎ preposition (root: .("הלך"‎ Spelled "ללכת"‎ in the Tanach.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 12 84b

of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony, and' their lives were reckoned? to all of them. 16 12; And because of this you must rejoice o heavens and all who is in them, but woe to those who dwell on the earth and on the sea - for Ha-Satan went down to you with great burning anger, and he knows that he has a little time."

17 13] And when the dragon saw that he was cast onto the earth, he pursued after the woman who gave birth. 1814] But there was given to the woman, two wings like a great eagle - to go into the wilderness, into the place that YHWH gave her — to sustain her there a time, and two and a half times, away from? the dragon. 18,15) Then the dragon cast waters from [his] mouth after the woman, like a great sea,* to annihilate? her. 19 [15] But the woman had deliverance from the earth,? for she’ opened her mouth and swallowed the waters which the dragon cast after her.? 20 7] Then the dragon was filled with anger because of the woman, and he went to make war with the remaining ones of her seed, who perform the commandments of YHWH, and believe in the testimony of his Mashiach.

! Or "therefore." ? Meaning, "credited to them." ? Or "because of." ^ Lit. “sea,” but could also mean ‘river,’ compare chapter 9:13[14] with 16:11, see also Is. 19:5. ? Or "destroy" - lit. "silence." 5 Or "ground." 7 l.e. "the earth." 5 l.e. "the woman."

85a סודות ייג‎ 

Transcript 1.1

j^ פרק , ודרכתי על חול הים qu,‏ וראיתי חיה אחד יצא מהים ולו היה שבעה ראשים ועשרה קרנים ועל קרניו עשרה כתרים ועל ראשיה mew‏ של חירופים וגדופים ג ₪ והחיה שראיתי היה כדמות סוס ורגליו כרגלי דובים ופיו כפי

האריה והתנין נתן לו את כחו וכסאו וגבורת גדולה ₪4 וראיתי SAN‏ מראשיו דומה לחבורה של me‏ וחבורה נתרפאה וכל העולם משתומם בשביל החיה הזאת 5 ₪ ומתפללים להתנין הנותן להחיה כח וממשלה ומתפללים להחיה ואומרים מי דומה לזאת החיה ומי יוכל ללחום עימו ;4 ונותן להחיה לפתוח את v5‏ לדבר דברי נפלאות וחירוף עד שכלא הזמן של הארבעים ושנים חדשים 87 nne‏ את פיו לחרף כנגד mm‏ וכנגד הדרים בשמים me‏ ונותן לו ללחום עם הקדושים ולנצח אותם וכל העמים V, DANI‏ וכולם הדרים על PANT‏ מתפללים לו אילו שלא נכתב את שמם בספר החיים של השה הנהרג מכתחילת' העולם

* Altered to "מתחילת"‎ - in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 13 85b

Revelation Chapter 13

13: 1 And | stepped’ on the sand of the sea, 2 ]1 cont] and | saw an animal* coming out of the sea, and he had seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns were ten crowns, and on his heads were names of reproach and blasphemy.’ 3 pz} And the animal which | saw was like a horse, and his feet like the feet of bears, and his mouth like the mouth of the lion. And the dragon gave him his power and his throne, and great strength.*

4,3] Then | saw thatone of his heads was like a deadly wound — but the wound was healed, and all the world was astonished because of this animal. sia] Then they prayed to the dragon who gave the animal power and dominion, and they prayed to the animal and said, "Who is like this animal, and who is able to make war with it?” & s; And it was given to the animal to open his mouth to speak wonderful words? and reproach® until the time of forty-two months was completed. 7 jg So he opened his mouth to blaspheme against YHWH, and against those who dwell in the heavens. s;7] And it was given to him to make war with the set-apart ones; and to overcome them, and all the peoples and nations. 9 js; And all those who dwell on earth prayed to him — those whose name was not written in the scroll of life of the Lamb who was slain, from the beginning of the creation of the world.

! Or "stood." ? Or "beast." Compare Daniel chapters 7 & 8. — The Bible often uses the term ‘animal’ or ‘beast’ to refer to a kingdom and / or its leader or king. 3 Lit. “reproaches and blasphemies." ^ Or "might." ? Or "incredible things" or "unbelievable things" — compare Dan. 11:36. 5 Or “blasphemy.”

86a סודות ייג‎ 

Transcript 1.1

uus‏ מי שיש לו אזנים שומע 444 DNI‏ שאחד ינהג במשמר ילך במשמר ובאם שאחד הרג נפש אחר בחרב נהרג בחרב ובכאן יש תקוה ואמונת הקדושים oo‏ וראיתי חיה אחר יצא מהאדמה ולו היה שתי קרנים כמו להשה ומדבר כתנין ₪ , ועשה נפלאות גדולות לפני החיה הראשונה ועשה שהאדמה והדרים עליה מתפללים להחיה הראשונה שנתרפאהן | חבורתיה,,, ועשה שנפל אש משמים לפני האדם Q4,‏ והסית הבני MNN By DIN‏ ומופתים שלו ואמר לאילו הדרים על הארץ שיעשו פסל להחיה שיש לה חבורות חרב ונתרפאה sig‏ ולו נותן ליתן לפסל mmn‏ רוח ונפש כדי שיוכל לדבר ולעשות מי Now‏ ורצה לתפלל. 5555 mms‏ שיהרג nbl. c‏ לבולם הגדולים | והקטנים | העשירים והעניים העבדים והמשוחררים סימן אחד ביד ימינו או במצחיהם 4 כדי

1 Crossed-out letters.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 13 86b

10 [o] Whosoever has ears must hear: 1110] if one drives another into prison, he will go into prison, and if one kills another nephesh' with the sword he will be killed by the sword; and here is hope, and the faith? of the set-apart ones.

12[11] Then | saw another animal coming out of the earth, and he had two horns like the Lamb but spoke like a dragon. 13 [12] And he did great wonders before the first animal, and made that the earth and those who dwell on it pray to the first animal, who was healed from his wounds.’ 14 [13] And he made fire fall from the heavens before man. 15 ]14[ And he seduced the sons of man with his signs and wonders, and said to those who dwell on the earth that they must make a carved image’ to the animal that had the wounds of a sword, but was healed. 16 [15] And to him it was given, to give the carved image of the animal a spirit and nephesh (so that it? was able to speak); and to make whosoever does not want’ to pray to the carved image of the animal, that he be killed.

17 [16] And he made for them all - the great ones and the small ones, the rich ones and the poor ones, the slaves and the freed ones - a sign on his right hand or on their forehead, 18 [17] that

! Lit. “breath,” can mean ‘person,’ ‘life,’ ‘soul,’ etc. — take note, not the Greek understanding of soul. ? Lit. “faithfulness.” Hebrew faith is both believing and doing (being faithful). ? Or possibly ^whose wounds were healed.' ^ Or simply "an image." > Lit. “breath,” means ‘life’ or ‘soul,’ etc. — take note, not the Greek understanding of soul. 5 l.e. “the image.” 7 Or “is not willing."

87a סודות ייד‎ 

Transcript 1.1

שלא יוכל שום אחד לקנות או למכור רק באם שיש לו זה הסימן בידו או במצחו או השם של החיה או המספר של שמו ,4,4 בכאן יש חכמה ותבונה מי שיש בעל שכל צריך לחשב המשפר מהחיה כי היא מספר של אדם אחד ותמצא הסך היא שש מאות וששים וששה

פרק יד'

| וראיתי שה אחד עמד על הר ציון ועמו מאה וארבע וארבעים אלפים ועליהם נכתב השם של אביו , ושמעתי קול אחד משמים כרעש מים נדולים וכקול קולות גדולים והקול ששמעתי היה כקול' כינור , ומזמרים כשיר חדש לפני הכסא ולפני הארבע חיות והזקינים ושום אחד יוכל ללמוד השיר הזאת רק אילו המאה וארבע וארבעים אלפים שקנה מהאדמה , ואילו המה שלא חטאו בנשים Temi‏ כבתולות והולכים אחר השה והמה נקנים לבכורת mm‏ והשה , ואין ברוחם רמיה והם נקיים usb‏ הכסא יהוה ; ואריתי מלאך אחד רחף באמצע השמים ולו היה אחד און גיליו להודיע לאילו הדרים על

tOr possibly "ב" - "בקול"‎ and "כ"‎ can look quite similar. * Correction from margin. ? Alternative phrase for ."ב שורה"‎ The Peshitta New Testament also uses ^on" (as one word) in e.g. Mark 1:1, Rom. 1:1, 1 Cor. 9:18, 2 Cor. 4:3, Gal. 2:14, Eph. 3:6, Phil. 1:5, etc. Note that "און גיליון"‎ has been used to refer to the gospel(s) since the Talmudic Era, see Shabbat 1168-1160, where both "אוון גליון"‎ and "עוון גליון“‎ are used.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 14 87b

no one is able to buy or to sell, unless he has this sign on his hand or on his forehead, or the name of the animal, or the number of his name. 1o [1s] Here is wisdom and understanding: whosoever has insight needs to reckon the number of the animal, for it is the number of a man, and the amount is found, ' six hundred and sixty and six.

Revelation Chapter 14

14: 1 And | saw a Lamb standing on mount Tsiyon,? and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand, and the name of his Father was written upon them. 2 Then | heard a voice from the heavens like the noise of great waters, and like the sound of great voices,? and the voice which | heard was like the sound of a lyre.

3 And they were singing like a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders, and no one was able to learn this song except these hundred and forty-four thousand whom he bought from the earth. 4 (And these are they who did not sin with women, and they are like virgins and go after the Lamb, and they are bought as first fruits of YHWH and the Lamb. 5 And there is no deceit in their spirit,” and they are blameless? before the throne of YHWH.)

6 Then | saw a messenger fly in the midst of the heavens, and he had one good news? to make known to those who dwell on

! Or possibly "and he will find that the amount is." ? Hebrew name for ‘Zion.’ ? Or "thunders." ^ See Ps. 32:2. ? Or "pure." 5 Or "one gospel."

88a סודות ייד‎ 

Transcript 1.1

הארץ ולכל העמים ולאומים , ואמר בקול גדול יראו יהוה ועשו תפילתכם לו כי היום הדין בא ועשו תפילה לזה שברא השמים והארץ והים והבארות , ואחר זה הקול בא מלאך אחר וצעק נפלה נפלה בבל העיר הגדולה כי היא השקיט עם היין של זנותה לבל העמים , ואחר זה בא מלאך השלישי ואמר בקול גדול באם שאחד יעשה תפילתו להפסל ולהחיה ויקח הסימן על ידו או על מצחו p‏ זה ישתה מהיין של חרון יהוה היש בכוס החרון ויענש באש וגפרית לפני מלאכיו הקדושים והשה ,, והעשן מעונש שלהם ילך למעלה מעולם ועד עולם ולא יהיה להם מנוחה ev‏ ולילה אילו שלקחו הסימן ומתפללים לפסל » בכאן יש תקוה מקדושים ובכאן יש העושים מצות יהוה ומאמינים בישוע,, ושמעתי בת קול משמים אמר לי כתוב

Translation 1.1 Sodot 14 88b

the earth, and to all the peoples and nations. 7 And he said with a great voice, “Fear YHWH and do your prayer to him, for the judgment day has come, and do prayer to him’ who created the heavens and the earth, and the sea and fountains!”

s And after this voice another messenger came and cried out, "Fallen, fallen has Bavel*? the great city! — For she corrupted” all the peoples? with the wine of her fornication."

9 And after this, the third messenger came and said with a great voice, "If one does his prayer to the carved image? and to the animal, and take the sign on his hand or on his forehead - 10 this one will drink of the wine of the fury of YHWH, which is in the cup of fury, and he will be punished with fire and brimstone before his set-apart messengers and the Lamb. 11 And the smoke of their punishment will go up from everlasting and unto everlasting,’ and they will not have rest, day or night, those who took the sign and prayed to the carved image."

12 Here is the hope of the set-apart ones, and here are those who do the commandments of YHWH, and believe in Yeshua. 13 And | heard a voice? from the heavens saying to me, "Write:

! Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ ? Hebrew name for 'Babylon.' ? See Is. 21:9. ^ Or "destroyed" - lit. "silenced" — compare chapter 12:18 [15]. ? Or "nations." 5 Or simply "the image." 7 A Hebrew idiom which often means "forever and ever" — see e.g. Jer. 7:7, 25:5, 1Chr. 16:36, Neh. 9:5, Ps. 41:13, 103:17, 106:48. 5 Hebrew: "בת קול"‎ (bat gol) - meaning ‘a voice from heaven’.

89a סודות ייד‎ 

Transcript 1.1

קדושים המה המתים על קידוש יהוה מעכשיו ואמת היא שהרוח אמר שהמה שוכנים ממעשיהם כי מעשיהם הולכים אחריהם ,, וראיתי ענן אחד לבן ועליו ישב אחד כדמות אדם ועל ראשו כתר זהב ובידו חרמש אחד s‏ ומלאך אחר הלך מבית התפילה וצעק בקול גדול לזה שישב על הענן הך בחרמש שלך וקצר כי העת הקצירה בא ;, וזה שישב על הענן הכה בחרמש שלו וקצר ,, ומלאך אחר הלך לשמים ובידו היה מעגל' אחד ,, ומלאך אחר יצא מהמזבח ולו היה ממשלה על האש וצעק בקול גדול לזה שהיה לו המגל ואמר הך במגל שלך וקצר את ענבי ארץ כי פירותיה תנבשל Tu,‏ המלאך המגל שלו וקצר את ענבי ארץ וזרק

' Here used as an alternative spelling for “bin”.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 14 89b

Blessed' are they who die on account of the sanctification? of YHWH from now on! And? what the Ruach says is true: that they rest from their works, for their works follow after them.”

14 Then | saw a bright* cloud, and on it there sat one with the appearance? of a man, and on his head was a crown of gold, and in his hand was a sickle. 15 And another messenger came from the house of prayer, and cried with a loud voice to him® who sat on the cloud, “Thrust with your sickle and harvest, for the time of the harvest has come!" 16 Then he’ who sat on the cloud, thrust with his sickle and harvested.

17 And another messenger came to the heavens, and in his hand was a sickle.? 13 Then another messenger went out from the altar (and he had control over the fire), and he cried out with a loud voice to him? who had the sickle and said, "Thrust with your sickle and harvest the grapes of the earth, for its fruits are ripe." p19] So the messenger thrust with his sickle and harvested the grapes of the earth, and cast them into the

1 Hebrew: "קדושים"‎ (gedoshim) - lit. “set apart" but often means "blessed." ? Or "set-apartness." ? Or "Yea..." ^ Or “white.” > Lit. “like the appearance.” 5 Lit. “this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 7 Lit. "this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 8 Verses 17-[19] use the Hebrew word 'magal' for "sickle," but verses 14 - 16 use ‘charmesh.’ ? Lit. "this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 1° Or possibly ‘for it is ripe with its fruit.’

90a כפודות שיו‎ 

Transcript 1.1

ביקב גדול החרון יהוה ,4 והיקב היה מחוץ לעיר' והדם מיקב הלך עד הרסן של הסוסים דרך אלף ושש מאות קברות השרה

T‏ פרק טיו

, וראיתי ניסים ונפלאות נדולים בשמים כי שבעה מלאכים באים ולהם היה השבעה [ 1 נגעים אחרונים כי בהם כלא החרון אף מיהוה , וראיתי כמו ]1 m‏ צלוחית בלל עם אש ואילו שנצחו עםי החיה ופסל שלו עומדים אצל הים צלוחית ולהם היה בינורות יהוה , ומזמרים השירה של משה והשיר השה ואומרים נדולה מעשי יהוה אלהי צבאות צדק ואמת דרכיך מלך המלכים , ומי לא יראה לפניך וליתן שבח לשמך כי אתה לבדו קדוש כי כל העמים יבואו וישתחו לפניך כי משפטיך נתגלה

* Margin reads לעיר"‎ tn יקב של דם‎ pon" - in different script than main text. ’ Altered to “YIN "כברת‎ - in different script than main text. * Crossed-out letters. * Crossed-out letter. i Simply introduces the direct object(s).

Translation 1.1 Sodot 15 90b

great winepress of the fury of YHWH.' 1920) And the winepress was outside the city,? and the blood of the winepress went up to the bridle of the horses, a way of one thousand six hundred [stretches]? of field.

Revelation Chapter 15

15: 1 aos) And" | saw great signs and wonders in the heaves, for seven messengers came, and they had the seven last plagues, for by them the burning anger of YHWH is completed.

2 And | saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire, and those who overcame the animal and his carved image? stood next to the sea of glass, and they had the lyres of YHWH. 3 And they sang the song of Mosheh? and the song of the Lamb, and said, "Great are the works of YHWH Elohei Ha-Tseva'ot!' Righteousness and truth? are your ways o King of kings! 4 And who will not fear you,’ and give praise to your name? - For you alone are qadosh!"? Truly," all the nations will come and bow down before you, for your judgments are revealed!"

! Or possibly ‘a great winepress — the fury of YHWH.’ ? Margin reads "And he cast the winepress of blood outside the city" — in different script than main text. ? Or "distances of land." ^ Or "Then." ? Or simply “his image." * Hebrew name for 'Moses.' 7 Meaning, “YHWH the Elohim of the armies." 8 Or “faithfulness.” ? Lit. “before you.” Could also mean “because of you.” 10 Lit. “set-apart.” 11 Or possibly, ‘All nations will come... when your judgments are revealed.’

91a Me סודות‎ 

Transcript 1.1

, ואחר כך ראיתי שנפתח ארון הברית בשמים , NY"‏ mno‏ השבעה מלאכים שהיה ond‏ השבעה נגעים ולבוש במלבושי לבינים וחגור של זהב על מתניהם , ואחד מהארבע חיות נתן להשבע מלאכים שבע קערות של זהב מלאים בחרון יהוה החי מעולם ועד עולם , ובית התפילה נתמלאה בעשן וכבוד יהוה מלא את המשכן ושום אחד יוכל לילך לתוכה עד שכלא השבעה נגעים מהשבעה מלאכים

פרק טייז

, ושמעתי קול אחד mas‏ התפילה ואמר להשבעה מלאכים לכו וצאקו' מהקערות על האדמה החרון יהוה , והראשון הלך ויצק את קערו על האדמה והיה לשחין פרח על האדם שהיה להם הסימן מהחיה והמתפללים לפסל שלו , pn‏ המלאך השני את קערו בים והיה דם כמו ממת וכל אשר בהים תמות , והשלישי יצק את קערו בבארות מים mm‏ דם ; ושמעתי שהמלאך אמר יהוה הצדיק ההיה mm‏ ו[יהיה

* The aleph is a vowel letter, thus "וצאקו"‎ = “py”. This word was later altered to "ותשפכו"‎ — in different script than main text. 2 . Probable reconstruction.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 16 91b

5 And after this | saw thatthe ark of the covenant was opened in the heavens. 6 Then the seven messengers who had the seven plagues went out, clothed in white clothes, and a girdle of gold was on their loins. 7 Then one of the four living creatures gave the seven messengers seven bowls of gold, full of the fury of YHWH, who lives from everlasting and unto everlasting. s And the house of prayer was filled with smoke, and the glory of YHWH filled the tabernacle, and no one was able to go into it until the seven plagues of the seven messengers were finished.

Revelation Chapter 16

16: 1 Then | heard a voice from the house of prayer, and it' said to the seven messengers, "Go and pour out the bowls on the earth - the fury of YHWH."

2 So the first went and poured out his bowl on the earth, and it became boils, breaking out on the men who had the sign of the animal and prayed? to his carved image.”

3 Then the second messenger poured out his bowl on the sea, and it was’ blood like that of a dead one, and all that was in the sea died.

4 Then the third poured out his bowl on the fountains of waters and it was? blood. 5 Then | heard that the messenger said, "YHWH the Righteous, who was and is and [w/// be]? — you are

! Or possibly "he." ? Or "and those who prayed." ? Or simply “his image.” ^ Or ‘became.’ ? Or ‘became.’ 5 Probable reconstruction.

92a סודות טייז‎ Transcript 1.1

קדוש אתה שנתת MNT‏ המשפט ; בי המה שפכו דמי הקדושים והנביאים כמים ואתה נתת להם דם לשתות כי המה ראוים לוה , ושמעתי מלאך אחר שדיבר מתוך ההיכל כן אלהי הצבאות משפטיך צדק המה , והרביעי py‏ את קערו בשמש ולו נותן לעשות on‏ לאדם , והיה הרבה חם לאדם ומקללו ליהוה בשביל הנגעים הללו ולא wy‏ תשובה ליתן לו כבוד ,, והחמישי יצק את קערו על הכסא של החיה והחשך אותו והמה נושכים לשוניהם מפני צער aau‏ והששי יצק את קערו על הנהר פרת ויבש את הנהר כדי להיות מסלה להמלכים שהמה ממזרח השמש us;‏ וראיתי שהלך מפי התנין ומפי החיה ומפי הנביא שקר שלושה שרצים טמאים כדמות צפרדעים us;‏

ואילו המה רוחות השטן ועושים ניסים ואותות והולכים למלכי

Translation 1.1 Sodot 16 92b

qadosh that you gave this judgment, 6 for they have shed the blood of the set-apart ones and the prophets like waters, and you gave them blood to drink, for they are worthy of ' this!" 7 Then | heard another messenger who spoke from inside the temple, "Yes, Elohei Ha-Tseva'ot? your judgments are righteousness."

8 Then the fourth poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was given to it, to make heat for man. 9 Then men had much heat, and they cursed YHWH because of these plagues, but they did not do repentance to give him glory.

10 Then the fifth poured out his bowl on the throne of the animal, and it was darkened,’ and they bit their tongues because of the pain.*

11[12] Then the sixth poured out his bowl on the river Perat,” and the river dried ",קט‎ to be’ a path for the kings who are at? the rising of the sun.? 1213] And | saw that there came forth from the mouth of the dragon and from the mouth of the animal and from the mouth of the false prophet, three unclean creeping things like frogs. 13 [14j And these are the spirits of Ha-Satan, doing signs and wonders, and they go to the kings

! Or "they deserve this!" 2 Meaning “Elohim of the armies." Hebrew: הצבאת"‎ "now". ? Or "and darkened it." ^ Or "suffering." ? Hebrew name for ‘Euphrates.’ 5 Or "and dried up the river." 7 Or possibly ‘that there could be.’ 5 Or “from.” ? Hebrew way of saying “east.”

93a r^ סודות‎ 

Transcript 1.1

paN‏ ולכל העולם לקבץ אותם למלחמה על היום יהוה asa VINT‏ ראה אני אבא כגנב וקדוש אילו שלא ישינים ושמור את עצמו שלא ילך ערום בלי מלבושים כדי שלא ינלה את ערוותו NIT ois‏ קבץ אותם במקום אחד הנקרא בלשון עברי הרמגדן ₪ , והשביעי יצק את קערו באויר והלך קול אחד מהכסא ואמר זאת עבר mm og‏ קולות ורעמים וברקים ורעדות הארץ שלא היה מעולם ₪ us‏ ומהעיר הגדולה נעשה שלשה חלקים והערים מהעמים נופלים ונזכר העיר הגדולה בבל לפני mm‏ ליתן לה הכום עם היין של חרון oo DN‏ וכל ההרים וגבעות נסו ולא נראו עוד 4,4 וברד גדול נפל על האדם משמים והמה מחרפים ליהוה בשביל הנגע של הברד

פרק ייז

, ובא אחד מהשבעה מלאכים שהיה anb‏ השבעה קערות ודבר לי ואמר בא והראה לך המשפט של הזונה הגדולה היושבת על מים הרבה , ועמה עושים זנות מלכי ארץ ואילו המשכרת מיינה

Translation 1.1 Sodot 17 93b

of the earth and to all the world, to gather them to war for the day of YHWH the Mighty.' 1415] (“Look! | will come like a thief, and blessed are those who do not sleep, but keeps himself that he does not walk naked without clothes, that his nakedness be not uncovered.") 15,16; And he gathered them to a place which is called in the Hebrew tongue, Har-Megidon.?

16 [17] Then the seventh poured out his bowl in the air, and there came a voice from the throne, and said, “This is over!” 17 ma] And there were voices and thunders and lightnings, and an earthquake which had never happened before - 18 ]19[ and of the great city was made three parts, and the cities of the nations fell. And the great city Bavel? was remembered before YHWH, to give her the cup with the wine of his burning anger. 19 [20] And all the mountains and hills fled, and were seen no more. 20 [21] And great hail fell on man from the heavens, and they blasphemed YHWH because of the plague of the hail.

Revelation Chapter 17

17: 1 Then one of the seven messengers who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me and said, "Come, and you will be shown’ the judgment of the great harlot who sits over? much waters, 2 with whom? the kings of the earth and those whom she had made drunk with her wine have committed adultery."

! Or "Majestic." ? Or "the mountain Megidon." ? Hebrew name for 'Babylon.' ^ Or "and there will appear to you." ? Hebrew idiom meaning ‘rules over’ or ‘reigns over.’ 5 Lit. “and with her.”

94a r^ סודות‎ 

Transcript 1.1

, והביא אותי במדבר וראיתי האשה שישבה על החיה שמראיהו היה כמראה שושנים ומלא היה בשמות של חירופים ולו היה שבע ראשים ועשרה קרנים , והאשה היה לבוש במלבושי אדום כמראה שושנים ועליה היה הרבה זהב ואבנים טובות ומרגליות וכום של זהב בידה מלא טמאות , ובמצחה היה כתוב השם של mon‏ מהעיר הגדולה בבל האם מהזונות ומטומאות PINT‏ ; וראיתי שהאשה שתה מדם הקדושים ומדם העדות של ישוע ותמיה גדולה היה לי כשראה אותה , והמלאך אמר לי מפני מה יש לך תמיה אני רוצה לאמר לך הסוד מהאשה ומהחיה שישבה עליה ומפני מה שיש לו שבע ראשים ועשרה קרנים , החיה שראית היה ולא הוה ויבא my‏ פעם מתהום וילך לשאול וישתומם עליה אנשי האדמה

Translation 1.1 Sodot 17 94b

3 So he brought me into the wilderness, and | saw the woman who sat on the animal whose appearance was like the appearance of lilies, and was full of names of blasphemy, and he had seven heads and ten horns. 4 And the woman was clothed with red garments with the appearance of lilies, and upon her there was much gold and goodly’ stones and pearls,’ and there was a golden cup? in her hand, full of uncleanness.* s And on her forehead was written the name of the secret? of the great city Bavel, the mother of the harlots and uncleanness? of the earth. 6 And | saw that the woman drank’ of the blood of the set-apart ones, and of the blood of the testimony of Yeshua. And | had a great amazement® when | saw her.

7 Then the messenger said to me, “Because of what do you have amazement? | want to tell you the secret of the woman and of the animal which she sits upon, and because of what? he has seven heads and ten horns. g The animal which you saw, was, but is not, and will come again from the Deep, (but he will go to She’ol).'° Then the men of the earth will be amazed about

1 Or “precious.” 2 Or “jewels.” 3 See Jer. 51:7. ^ Plural in Hebrew. ? Or "mystery." 5 Plural in Hebrew. 7 Or “was drinking.” 8 Meaning "I was greatly amazed when | saw her." ? Or "why." 10 The place of the dead. To learn more about the Biblical definition of She'ol, see: Gen. 37:35, Num. 16:30-33, 1Sam. 2:6, Is. 14:9-15, Eze. 31:15-25, Jonah 2:3, etc.

95a r^ סודות‎ 

Transcript 1.1

באם שיראו החיה שהיה ולא יש אע"פ" שיש , ובכאן יש דבר שצריך שכל וחכמה ותבונה השבעה ראשים המה שבעה הרים שהאשה יושב a moy‏ ואילו המה שבעה [מלכים] ,, ומהם נפלה חמשה ואחד יש והשני עדיין לא יש ובאם שיבא צריך הוא להיות זמן מועט ,, והחיה שהיה ולא יש זה השמיני והוא יש מהשבעה והלך לשאול p2‏ והעשרה קרנים שראית הם עשרה [מלכים] שעדיין לא Pap‏ המלכות אבל המה תמשלו כמלכים עם החיה על זמן מועט ,, ולהם יש מחשבה אחד mm‏ יתנו את כוחם וגבורתם להחיה ,, והם יעשו מלחמה עם השה והשה ינצח אותם כי הוא אדון מהאדונים ומלך המלכים ועימו הבחירים והמאמינים

* Abbreviation for ^B על‎ ms".

Translation 1.1 Sodot 17 95b

him, when they see the animal who was, and is not, although he is.'

9 And here is a word which needs insight and wisdom and understanding: the seven heads are seven mountains which the woman sits upon,’ ro] and these are seven [kings]. 10 And of them, five are fallen and another is, but the second? is not yet, and when he comes, he must be for a little time. 14 And the animal which was and is not, this is the eighth, and he is of the seven, and goes to She'ol. 12 And the ten horns which you saw are ten [kings] who have not yet received the kingdom, but they will rule like kings with the animal for’ a little time. 13 And they have one plan, and they will give their power and their strength to the animal. 14 And they will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will overcome them, for he is the Adon of the adonim,° and the King of the kings, and with him are the chosen ones and the faithful ones."

! |n the Hebrew Bible an animal not only represents a specific kingdom, but also its leader / king (See Daniel chapters 7 & 8). Thus the animal "who was and is not although he is," is easily understood: The leader of this kingdom had already died by the time John wrote the book of Revelation. So he was (had existed / lived), and then he died (is not), but yet his spirit is in "the Deep" and he will "come again from the Deep" and live again, temporarily resurrected from the dead. This will amaze just about everyone in the world! ? Hebrew idiom meaning ‘rules over’ or ‘reigns over’ — could also mean "dwells on." 3 e, ‘the second’ of the last two of the seven kings. ^ Lit. ^over." ? Or "the Lord of lords."

96a n^ mmo 

Transcript 1.1

;; והוא אמר לי המים שראית שישב הזונה OF‏ עמים וחברותות ואומים , והעשרה קרנים שראית על החיה הם יהיו שונאים להזונה ויעשו שממה ממנה ויאכלו את בשרה ועם אש תשרפו אותה ,, כי mm‏ נתן בלבביהם לעשות רצונו ליתן עשרותיה להחיה עד שתכלא דיבורת יהוה ,, והאשה שראית היא העיר הגדולה המלך על כל מלכי ארץ

פרק יייח

| ₪99 ואחר כך ראיתי מלאך אחר ירד משמים ולו היה כח וגבורה גדולה והאדמה האיר מאורו , וצעק בכל כחו ואט נפלה נפלה העיר הגדולה. בבל והייתה לדירת השטנים ולהסתיר כל הטמאים מעופות ושרצים , כי כולם שתו מיינה ומלכי ארץ עשו mur‏ עימה וכל הסוחרים נתעשרו מתאותיהם הגדולה

Translation 1.1 Sodot 18 96b

1s And he said to me, “The waters which you saw, which the harlot sits over, are peoples and crowds and nations. 16 And the ten horns which you saw on the animal, they will be haters’ of the harlot, and they will make a desolation of her, and will eat her flesh, and with fire they will burn her. 17 For YHWH gave it in their heart to do his will by giving her riches to the animal until the word of YHWH is completed.^ 18 And the woman which you saw is the great city, which reigns over all the kings of the earth."

Revelation Chapter 18

18: 1 aos) And after this | saw another messenger descending from the heavens, and he had power and great strength, and the earth shone with his light? 2 And he cried out with all his power and said, "Fallen, fallen has the great city Bavel!^ And it became a dwelling of satans,” and to hide all the unclean ones of the birds and creeping things. 3 For all of them have drunk of her wine, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and all the merchants have become rich by [her]? great desires."'

! Synonym of "enemies." ? Or "fulfilled." ? Or possibly ‘and he illuminated the earth with his light.’ ^ See Is. 21:9. ? The Hebrew word ‘satan’ literally means “adversary.” If ‘satan’ has the article it is normally used as a title (and is transliterated as 'Ha-Satan'); however satan (without the article) is used for 'enemy' or as a synonym of ‘demon.’ Lit. "their," but in context this most likely refers to the inhabitants of the city Bavel. 7 Or “lusts.”

97a פודות ייה‎ 

Transcript 1.1

, ושמעתי קול אחר משמים ואמר צאו ממנה עמי כדי שלא נתענשו עימה Saws‏ עוונותיה , כי עוונותיה נגע אל השמים mmm‏ תזכור' אותה , וכאשר עשתה עשו לה ושלם לה 555 כפליים כפי מעשיה , וכאשר התגאה והלכה אחר תאוותיה כצד זה עשו לה עינוים כי היא מחשב בליבה אני מלכה ולא אהיה אלמנה ושום צער לא אראה \ ובשביל זה יבא צערותיהם ביום אחד המות והצער והרעב ועם אש תשרף כי עצום האדון יהוה שישפוט אותה , ושממו עליה מלכי ארץ שעשו זנות עימה באם שתראו העשן מהאש,, והמה יעמדו מרחוק מפני אימה

* For the use of “n” instead of "^", see note on chapter 1:7. * For the use of “n” instead of ^", see note on chapter 1:7.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 18 97b

4 Then | heard another voice from the heavens, and he! said, "Go out of her my people, that they? be not punished with her because of her iniquities!? s For her iniquities reach unto the heavens, and YHWH, he will remember her!^ 6 And as she did, do? to her! And reward? her double, two-double, according to her works!’ 7 And as she exalted herself and walked after her desires? — according to this make torments for her, for she thinks in her heart, ‘| am a queen, and | will not be a widow, and | will not see any suffering.'? ? 8 But because of this [her] sufferings will come in one day" - the death and the suffering and the hunger, and she will be burned with fire, for mighty is Ha-Adon YHWH who will judge her.

9 And the kings of the earth who committed fornication with her will be astonished over her, when they see the smoke of the fire. 19 And they will stand far away because of terror and

! Or possibly "it." ? Hebrew can switch from second to third person etc. without actual change of subject. This is often eliminated by Greek translation, and some English translations also follow the Greek rendition. See e.g. Ps. 145:12 (compare verses 11 & 13), Ps. 81:17[16], Is. 10:12. ? See Jer. 51:6. ^ Or "it." ? Plural imperative. 5 Singular imperative. 7 Alt. translation for verse 6: "And as she did, do to her and repay her! Double it two-double according to her works!" 8 Or “lusts.” ? Or “pain.” 10 See Is. 47:7-8. 11 Lit. "their," but in context this most likely refers to the inhabitants of the city Bavel. 12 Compare Is. 47:9.

98a m פודות‎ 

Transcript 1.1

ויאמרו אויי ואהה העיר הגדולה בבל פתאום יבא שבורתיך ,, והסוחרים יבכו' ושרקו' poy‏ בשביל Now‏ יקנה שום אחד my»‏ סחורה מהם , הסחורה מזהב וכסף ואבנים טובים ומרנליות ומשי וכל מיני עיצים ומיני כלים של כסף וברזל ובדיל ועופרת ויין ושמן ולחם לבן וחיטים ובקרים וכשבים וסוסים ועגלים ונשמות אדם , והפירות שהיה לנחת רוח לך הלך ממך וכל החשובים הלך ולא תמצא עוד ,, והסוחרים שמכרו לה אילו הדברים יעמדו מרחוק ויבכו עליה,, ויאמרו אוי ואהה עיר הגדולה בבל שהיה לבוש במשי

: Margin reads "ישבו"‎ — in different script than main text. : Margin reads "ויבכו"‎ — in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 18 98b

will say, ‘Woe! And Alas! The great city Bavel! Your destruction came suddenly!’

11 And the merchants will weep and hiss over you, for no one will buy merchandise from them anymore. 12 The merchandise of gold and silver and goodly' stones and pearls? and fine linen and all kinds of wood and a//? kinds of vessels of silver and iron and tin and lead. 13 And wine and oil and white bread* and wheat and cattle and sheep and horses and calves and souls of man. 14 And the fruit? which was to satisfy your spirit,° went away from you, and all the esteemed things! went away from you? and you will not find them’ anymore."

15 And the merchants who sold these things to her will stand far away and weep over her, 16 and say, ‘Woe! And alas! - The great city Bavel, which was clothed with fine linen and with

! Or "precious." ? Or "jewels." ? Understood from preceding part of the verse. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). ^ Could also mean "fine flour." ? Plural in Hebrew. 5 More literally, ^to satisfy the spirit for you." 7 Or possibly ‘important ones.’ 8 Understood from first part of the verse. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). ? Gapped, see above note. 1? Or “again.”

99a m פודות‎ 

Transcript 1.1

ובזהב ובאבנים טובים ומרגליות ,, כי בשעה אחד נחרב הכל מערבך' מלחיך וחבליך מחזיקי בדקך וערבי מערבך וכל אנשי מלחמתך יעמדו מרחוק 1 1 וצועקים בשעת שראו העשן ואומרים מי נדמה לעיר הגדולה p‏ ויזרקו עפר על ראשיהם וצועקים ובוכים ומתאבלים ואומרים אוי אוי לעיר הנדולה בבל בי ממנה נתעשרו כל הסוחרים שהיה להם ספינות בים מסחורתיה ועכשיו בשעה אחד נחרב הכל ,, תשמחו השמים וקדושיו ונביאיו כי יהוה נקם את נקמתיהם בה' ,, ומלאך אחד לקח אחד אבן גדול כמו אבן רחים וזרק אותו בים ואמר ככה תשקע בבל ולא תקום

i Margin "מעירך"‎ - in different script than main text. * Crossed-out word. ° Margin reads בה"‎ Oy” — in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 18 99b

gold and with goodly' stones and pearls!* 17 - For in one hour? everything is laid waste!’

Your merchandise and your mariners and your rope-men,* those who repair you breaches? and those who trade your merchandise and all the men of your war®’ will stand far away — 18 and they will cry out when? they see the smoke and say, ‘Who was like this? great city!’ 19 And they will cast dust on their heads," both crying out and weeping and mourning and saying, ‘Woe! Woe to the great city Bavel! For by her were made rich, all the merchants who had ships in the sea — through her merchandise - and now in one hour" everything is laid waste!

20 Rejoice over her, o heavens and his set-apart ones and his prophets! - For YHWH has avenged their vengeance" against her!"

21 Then one messenger took a great stone like a millstone, and cast it into the sea and said, "So will Bavel sink, and will rise up

! Or "precious." ? Or "jewels." ? Often has the meaning "moment." ^ Or “pilots” or “sailors.” ? Or "ship seams." 5 Meaning “all your soldiers." 7 Verse 17b is quoted from Eze. 27:27. 8 Lit. “in the hour that." ? Lit. "the." 1? See Eze. 27:30. 11 Often has the meaning “moment.” 12 Margin reads "the vengeance of the people" — in different script than main text.

100a פודות ייט‎ 

Transcript 1.1

עוד ,, ולא נשמע my‏ בה קול ששון וקול שמחה קול inn‏ וקול כלה ולא שום כלי מלאכה מבעלי מלאכות והקול מרחיים לא נשמע עוד בך ,, ולא זרח עוד אור המאורת כי הסוחרים שלך היו שרים על האדמה כי ע"" כשופיך הסיתו כל העמים ,, ובה נמצא דם הקדושים ונביאים ומכל אילו שנהרגו על האדמה

פרק ייט

, ואחר כך שמעתי קול אחד מחברותה גדולה האומרים הללויה וכבוד ונבורה ותפארת תהיה ליהוה אדונינו , כי צדק ואמת משפטו ששפט את הזונה הגדולה המשחית הארץ עם זנותה ונקם את דמי עבדו ממנה , ואומרים פעם שנית הללויה והעשן הלך מדור לדור , והארבע ועשרים זקינים

* Abbreviation for ,"על יד"‎

Translation 1.1 Sodot 19 100b

no more!' 22 And there will no more be heard in her, the voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of a bridegroom and the voice of a bride, nor any crafts-vessel from the crafts- masters? - also the sound of millstones will no more be heard in you? 23 neither will the light of a light-source^ shine in you” anymore! — For your merchants were princes over the earth, for by your sorceries all the nations were deceived.° 24 And in her was found the blood of the set-apart ones and prophets, and of all those who were killed on the earth."

Revelation Chapter 19

19: 1 And after this | heard a voice of a great crowd, who said, “Hallelu-Yah!’ Both honor and might and glory be to YHWH our Adon! 2 For righteousness and truth? is his judgment - for? he judged the great harlot who corrupted the earth with her fornication, and he avenged the blood of his servant? from her!"

3 Then they said again, "Hallelu-Yah! And her'' smoke goes up from generation to generation!"4 So the twenty-four elders

! Verse 21b is a direct quote from Jer. 51:64. ? Could be paraphrased as, ‘any equipment of the experts.’ 3 See Jer. 25:10. ^ Possibly plural, lit. “the light source(s).” ? Understood from preceding verse. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). 5 Or possibly ‘they deceived all the nations.’ 7 Lit. “Praise Yah!” — Yah is a shortened form of Yahweh. 8 Or “faithfulness.” ? Lit. “that.” 10 Collectively refers to YHWH's people. See e.g. Is. 41:9, 44:1, 44:2, 44:21, 45:4, 49:3, Jer. 30:10, 46:27-28, Eze. 28:25, 37:25, Luke 1:54 etc. ™ Lit. “the.”

101a w” MTD 

Transcript 1.1

והארבע חיות נופלים ומתפללים ליהוה היושב על הכסא ואומרים אמן הללויה , וקול אחד יצא מהכסא הללויה הללו עבדי יהוה הללו את שם יהוה והמתיראים לפניו שניהם קטנים ונדולים' Q‏ ושמעתי קול אחד כקול מחברותה גדול וכקול מים גדולים וכמו קולות גדולים האומרים הללויה כי יהוה גבר , נהינו שמחים וליתן לו כבוד כי הזמן החתנה מהשה בא ואשתו מוכנת , ונותן לה ללבוש במשי נקי וטוב ויפה , והוא אמר לי קדושים הם שקרא לאכול אכילת ערב עם השה והוא אמר לי אלה דברי MOND mm‏ ,, ונפלתי לרגליו לתפלל לו והוא אמר לי ראה אל תעשה אני חבריך ומאחיך ומאילו שיש להם העידות מישוע עשי תפילתך ליהוה ,, וראיתי שהשמים נפתחים וראיתי סוס אחד לבן וזה שישב עליו שמו היה נאמן ואמת והוא ישפוט בצדק,, ועיניו היה

This phrase was altered to read "הכל כקטנים וגדולים"‎ - in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 19 101b

and the four living creatures fell down and prayed to YHWH who sits on the throne, and they said, "Amein! Hallelu-Yah!"

s Then a voice went out from the throne, "Hallelu-Yah! Praise o servants of YHWH, praise the name of YHWH,' even those who fear before him, both the small ones and great ones!” 6 And | heard a voice like the voice of a great crowd, and like the sound of great waters, and like great voices,* which said, "Hallelu-Yah! - For YHWH overcame! 7 Let us be glad and give him honor, for the time of the wedding of the Lamb has come, and his wife is prepared! g And it was given to her to be clothed in fine linen, pure and good and beautiful.

9 Then he said to me, "Blessed are those whom he calls to eat the feast* with the Lamb." And he said to me, "These are the words of YHWH in truth."? 10 So | fell to his feet to pray to him, but he said to me, "Look, do not do /t! | am your fellow, and of your brothers, even of those who have the testimony of Yeshua. Do your prayer to YHWH."

11 Then | saw that the heavens were opened, and | saw a white horse. And he* who sat on it, his name was Faithful" and Truth, and he judges with righteousness. 12 And his eyes were like a

! Quoted from Ps. 113:1. ? Or "thunders." ? Or "made ready." ^ Lit. evening meal" but means "feast." ? Meaning "These are truly the words of YHWH." 5 Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 7 Or “Faithfull One."

102a ייט‎ mme 

Transcript 1.1

כלהבת אש ועל ראשו הרבה כתרים ושם אחד כתוב poy‏ ושום אחד יודע אותו רק הוא לבדו ,, ולבוש במלבוש אחד שהיה זרק poy‏ דם ושמו היה דיבור יהוה ,, וכל צבאות השמים הולכים pans‏ על סוסי לבינה וכולם לובשים מלבושי של משי לבינה ;, ומפיו Ton‏ חרב פיפיות כדי להכות בו העמים והוא ינהג אותם בשבט ברזל והוכיח במישור לענבי ארץ בחרון אף יהוה , pun‏ אחד כתוב על בגדו כך מלך המלכים ואדון האדונים y‏ וראיתי מלאך אחד עמד בשמש וצעק בקול גדול ואמר לכל mawn‏ שהם nnne‏ השמים לכו אספו בולכם לאכילת ערב מאלהי הנדול , כדי שתאכלו הבשר מהמלכים והשרים והבשר מנבורים ובשר הסוסים ומאילו הרוכבים עליה והבשר הקטנים וגדולים ומעבדים ומשוחררים

Translation 1.1 Sodot 19 102b

flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns,' and a name was written on him,? but no one knew it except he himself. 13 And he was clothed with a garment on which blood was sprinkled,* and his name was The Word of YHWH.

14 And all the armies of the heavens went after him, on horses of white, and they were all clothed with garments of fine white linen. 15 And a double-edged sword went out of his mouth, to smite the nations with it, and he will lead them with a rod of iron and will punish the grapes’ of the earth in equity with the burning anger of YHWH. 16 And a name was written on his garment, "King of kings and Adon of adonim."

17 Then | saw a messenger standing by the sun, and he cried out with a great voice and said to all the birds which are under the heavens, "Come, gather all of you to the feast? of my great Elohim! 4s That you may eat the flesh of the kings and the princes, and the flesh of mighty warriors, and the flesh of horses and of those who ride on them, and the flesh of the small ones and great ones and of slaves and freed ones!"

1 Or “turbans” — Hebrew idea of ‘crown’ is not the same as in English. See Lev. 8:9. 2 Compare verse 16. ? Or "spattered." ^ Compare 14:18-19. It seems the grapes are YHWH's enemies who gather together against him for war. (Chapter 16:11[12]-15[16] mentions the gathering of the armies, and here in chapter 19:19-21 we read of Yeshua's victory over his enemies). > Lit. “evening meal" but means “feast.”

103a פודות פי‎ 

Transcript 1.1

₪ וראיתי החיה ומלכי ארץ אספו את מחניהם לעשות מלחמה עם זה שישב על [ 1 הסום ועם מחניו ‏ ונשבה החיה עם נביא השקר העושה האותות לפניה כדי להסית לאילו שלקחו הסימן מהחיה [ 1 ומתפללים לו ונשלכו בשאול הבוער בגפרית ,, והאחרים נהרגו ע"* החרב מזה שישב על הסוס שיצא מפיו 000 וכל חיות השדה נשבעו מבשרם

פרק כ'

, וראיתי מלאך אחד ירד משמים ולו היה המפתח מתהום ובידו שלשלת גדולה , ולקח התנין שהיא השטן ואסר אותו אלף שנים , והשליך אותו לתהום וסגורי אותו וחתום מלמעלה כדי שלא יוכל להסית העמים עד שכלא אלף שנים ואחר כך יהיה wen‏ זמן מועט , וראיתי כסאות והם יושבים עליהם ולהם נותן לשפוט אילו המאמינים ומעידים על

* Crossed-out word. * Crossed out and replaced with “on” — in different script than main text. * Crossed-out letters. ^ Abbreviation for "על יד"‎ ? Altered to "וסגר"‎ - in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 20 103b

19 And | saw that the animal and the kings of the earth gathered their camps to make war with him’ who sits on the horse, and with his camps.’ 20 Then the animal was captured, with the false prophet — who did the signs before him in order to deceive those who took the sign of the animal and prayed to him - and they were cast into She'ol, which burns with sulfur. 21 And the others were killed by the sword of him? who sits on the horse, which went out of his mouth, aosn and all the animals of the field^ were satisfied with their flesh.

Revelation Chapter 20

20: 1 And | saw a messenger descending from the heavens, and he had the key of the Deep, and in his hand was a great chain. 2 And he took the dragon, who is Ha-Satan, and bound him for a thousand years. 3 And he cast him into the Deep, and he was shut in, and sealed from above, that he would not be able to seduce the nations until thousand years were completed, and after this he will be freed a little time.

4 Then | saw thrones,? and they sat on them, and it was given to them to judge! those who believe and bear witness about

! Lit. “this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 2 Crossed out and replaced with “armies” — in different script than main text.

3 Lit. "this one,” but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ ^ Hebrew idiom meaning ‘wild animals.’ ? Crossed out and replaced with “he shut him" — in different script than main text. 5 Or "seats." 7 This does not mean that believers will be condemned but that justice will be done to them, and that they will be rewarded according to their works. See e.g. Dan. 7:9 and 7:22, Mat. 19:28, Luke 22:30, 1Cor. 4:5.

104a פודות כ'‎ 

Transcript 1.1

ישוע ואילו שלא לקחו על מצחיהם הסימן מהחיה ולא התפללו לו או לפסל שלו ואילו חיים ומושלים עם ישוע אלף שנים , אבל המתים אחרים לא קמים עד שכלא האלף שנים וזה היא תקומת הראשונה ; קדוש הוא מי שיש לו חלק בתקומה הראשונה כי עליהם לא יש כח ממות אחרת רק המה יהיו כהנים ליהוה ומשיחו ומושלים עימו אלף שנים , ואחר אלף שנים יגאל השטן משביו' , וילך להסית העמים על ארבע פינות הארץ ונוג ומגוג לאסף את חיילו לבוא למלחמה ומספרם יש כחול הים , והם דרסו על רחב האדמה וסבבו החיילות הקדושים והעיר האהובה ונפל אש משמים ושרף אותם io‏ והשטן המסית אותם הושלך באש של השאול שהיה שם החיה ונביא השקר

i Margin reads "מאכוריו"‎ — in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 20 104b

Yeshua, and those who did not take the sign of the animal on their foreheads, and did not pray to him or to his image. And these lived, and ruled with Yeshua fora thousand years, 5 (but the other dead ones did not rise until the thousand years were finished), and this is the first resurrection.

6 Blessed is he who has a part in the first resurrection, for over them there is no power of the last' death, but they will be priests to YHWH and his Mashiach, and they will rule with him, a thousand years.

7 But after a thousand years, Ha-Satan will be delivered from his captivity.* s Then he will go? to deceive the nations on the four ends* of the earth, and Gog and Magog,’ to gather his army? to come to war. (And their number is like the sand of the sea.)

9 And they trampled’ over the breadth of the earth, and surrounded the armies of the set-apart ones, and the beloved city. Then fire fell from the heavens and burned them up. 1o And Ha-Satan who seduced them was cast into the fire of Ha- She'ol, where the animal and the false prophet are, and they

! Or “latter” or possibly ‘second.’ ? Margin reads "fetters" — in different script than main text. ? Or "he went." ^ Or possibly ‘quarters.’ ? See Ezekiel chapters 38-39. 5 Or possibly "their armies." 7 Or possibly ‘ran’ or ‘marched.’

Transcript 1.1‏ סודות כ"א 105a‏ ויתענו אותם יום ולילה מעולם ועד עולם ,, וראיתי [ T‏ אחד כסא גדול ולבן היה וזה שישב עליו ומפניו נס השמים והאדמה ולא נמצא לו מקום p‏ וראיתי המתים שבהם הקטנים והגדולים עומדים לפני יהוה ונפתחו הספרים וספר אחר נפתח וזה ספר החיים לשפט המתים כפי שכתוב בספרים וכפי מעשיהם ,, וירק B"‏ את המתים שהיו בה לחוץ והמות והשאול נתן את המתים וישפטו כל אחד כפי מעשיו ,, והמות והגיהנם נשלך באש וזאת מות אחרת Q‏ ואם לא נמצא אחד כתוב בספר החיים הושלך באש

פרק כ"א

, וראיתי שמים חדשים ואדמה חדשה כי השמים והארץ הראשונים יגוע והים לא יש

1 Crossed-out letters.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 21 105b

will be afflicted! day and night from everlasting and unto everlasting.’

11 Then | saw a great throne which was white, and him who sat on it. And from before him the heavens and earth fled away, but no place was found for them. 12 And | saw the dead ones — that the great ones and the small ones of them stood before YHWH. And the scrolls were opened, also another scroll was opened, and this is the scroll of life, to judge the dead ones according to what is written in the scrolls, even according to their works.

13 And the sea emptied out the dead ones who were in it, and death? and Ha-She'ol gave the dead ones who were in it^ — and they were judged, every one according to his deeds. 14 Then the death and Ha-Gei-Hinnom were cast into fire, and this is the last? death. 15 And if one was not found written in the scroll of the life, he was cast into the fire.

Revelation Chapter 21

21: 1 Then | saw new heavens and a new earth, for the first heavens and earth had perished, also the first° sea was no

! Or "tormented". ? A Hebrew idiom which often means "forever and ever" — see e.g. Jer. 7:7, 25:5, 1Chr. 16:36, Neh. 9:5, Ps. 41:13, 103:17, 106:48. ? Crossed out and replaced with "and also" — in different script than main text. ^ Understood from first part of the verse. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). ? Or “latter” or possibly ‘second.’ 5 Probably gapped (implied by context). John is not necessarily saying that the new earth has no sea, but rather that the first heaven and earth passed away, even the [first] sea was no more.

106a סודות כ"א‎ 

Transcript 1.1

עוד , ואני יוחנן ראיתי העיר הקדושה ירושלים החדשה ירד משמים לארץ ומקשט היה כאשה המקשט לפני בעלה , ושמעתי קול גדול מהכסא שאמר ראה משכן יהוה אצל האדם rmm‏ להם לאלהים am‏ יהיו לו לעם , ומחה mm‏ אלהים דמעה מעל כל פנים והמות לא ימשל עוד ולא שום צער וצעקות ועינוים כי הראשון עבר, וזה שישב על הכסא אמר ראה אני עשיתי הכל won‏ והוא אמר לי כתוב כי אלה הדברים אמת היא , ואמר לי עבר הכל אני הראשון והאחרון תחילת והסוף ואני אתן להצמא מים חיים בחנם , מי שמנצח יהיה יורש מהכל ואני יהיה לו לאלהים והוא יהיה לי לבן , אבל להאינו מאמינים ולרצחנים ולזונים ולמכשפים ולכזבנים אתן את שכרם מאש השאול השורף באש וגפרית וזאת היא המיתה השניה , ובא לי אחד מהשבעה מלאכים שהיה בידם הקערות מלאים בשבעה נגעים אחרונים ואמר לי בא וראה האשה הכלה מהשה

Translation 1.1 Sodot 21 106b

more. 

2 And | Yochanan saw the set-apart city, the new Yerushalayim,' descending from the heavens to the earth, and it was adorned? like a wife who is adorned before her husband.

3 And | heard a great voice from the throne which said, “Look! The tabernacle of YHWH is with man, and he will be Elohim to them, and they will be a people to him? 

4 And YHWH Elohim will wipe off the tears from all faces,* and the death will no longer reign, neither any suffering? or outcries or affliction, for the former has passed by!"

5 And he? who sat on the throne said, "Look! | made everything new!" Then he said to me, "Write, for these words are truth!" 

6 Then he said to me, "It is all over, | am the first and the last, the beginning and the end, and | will give the thirsty living waters, for free! 

7 Whosoever overcomes will be possessor of all, and | will be Elohim to him, and he will be a son to me. 

8 However, to those who do not believe, and to murderers and to fornicators and to sorcerers and to liars, | will give their reward from the fire of Ha-She'ol which burns with fire and sulfur, and this is the second death."

9 Then there came to me one of the seven messengers, who had in their hand the bowls full of the seven last plagues, and he said to me, "Come and see the wife, the bride of the Lamb!"

1 Hebrew name for ‘Jerusalem.’ 2 Or “decorated.” 3 Compare Eze. 37:26-27. ^ Quoted from Is. 25:8. ? Or "pain." 5 Lit. “this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’

107a סודות כ"א‎ 

Transcript 1.1

xn,‏ אותי על הר אחד שהיה גדול maa‏ והראה לי העיר הגדולה העיר הקדושה ירושלים ירד משמים לארץ ,, ותפארת mm‏ עליה ומאורה היה כאור של האבן טובה הנקרא ישפה,, ולה היה חומה גדולים ושניים עשר שערים ועל השערים שניים עשר מלאכים ושניים עשר שמות משניים עשר שבטים של ישראל ,, ממזרח שלשה שערים וממערב שלשה para‏ שלשה ומדרום שלשה ,, ולחומת העיר היה שניים עשר יסודות ובהם היה כתוב mown‏ משניים עשר שלוחים של השה , וזה שדבר עימי היה בידו קנה אחד של זהב כדי למדות בו העיר והחומה והשערים o,‏ והעיר מונח ברובעת' וארכה כרחבה ומדד העיר עם הקנה שניים עשר אלף קברות השדה וארכה ורחבה וגבוה מהעיר המה שוים

* Altered to "מרבעת"‎ in different script than main text. Margin reads "מרובע"‎ - in different script than main text.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 21 107b

10 So he led me onto a mountain which was great and high, and showed me the great city, the set-apart city Yerushalayim, descending from the heavens to the earth. 

11 And the glory of YHWH was upon! it, and its light-source was like the goodly? stone which is called jasper.?

12 And it had a great wall and twelve gates; and at the gates were twelve messengers, and the twelve names‘ of the twelve tribes of Yisrael. 

13 At the east were three gates, and at the west three, and at the north three, and at the south three. 

14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were written the names of the twelve sent ones of the Lamb.

15 And he? who spoke with me had a reed of gold in his hand, to measure with it the city and the wall and the gates. 

16 And the city lay as a square,’ and its length was the same as its width, and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand [stretches]? of field, and its length and its width and the height of the city? are the same.

! Or "over." ? Or "precious." 3 Or possibly ‘jade.’ The exact identification of many precious stones is debated. ^ Prepositional phrase understood from preceding part of the verse. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). Implied meaning: 'and upon / above the gates, were the twelve names...' ? Or "foundation walls." 5 Lit. "this one," but means ‘he’ or ‘him.’ 7 Or “lay square" or “lay squared.” 8 Or “distances of land.” ? Or "the length and width and height of the city."

108a סודות כ"א‎ 

Transcript 1.1

,, וחומותיה היו מאה וארבע וארבעים אמות כמדת DON‏ שהיה למלאך ,, dom‏ והחומה היה מישפה והעיר מזהב טהור p‏ והיסוד מהחומה ומהעיר היו מקשט באבנים טובים היסוד הראשון היה ישפה אחת השני ספיר והשלישי קאלקידניר בלעז והרביעי נפך 4 והחמישי אדם והשישי שהם והשביעי אחלמה ומשמיני תרשיש והתשיעי פטדה והעשירי שבו והאחד עשר לשם והשניים עשר נקרא בלעז אמטיסט ,, והשניים עשר שערים היו מן מרגליות וכל שער אחד היה ממרגליות אחד ורחובות העיר היו מזהב טהור

Translation 1.1 Sodot 21 108b

17 And its walls were a hundred and forty-four cubits, according to the measure of man! which the messenger had. 

18 cosy) And the wall was of jasper,” and the city of pure gold. 

19 And the foundations of the wall — even of the city — were decorated with goodly? stones: the first foundation was a jasper,” the second sapphire,’ and the third [chalcedony],° the fourth turquoise,’ 

20 and the fifth ruby,? and the sixth carnelian,’ and the seventh crystal, and the eighth topaz," and the ninth chrysolite,” and the tenth agate, and the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth [amethyst].

21 And the twelve gates were of pearls, and every gate was of one pearl. And the plains" of the city were of pure gold, like

! Or "human measure." ? Or possibly 'jade.' The exact identification of many precious stones is debated. ? Or "precious." ^ Or possibly 'jade.' The exact identification of many precious stones is debated. > Or, a special kind of sapphire called ‘lapus lazuli.’ 5 Or possibly ‘agate’ — Ms. reads 'galgidonir in a foreign language.’ 7 Or possibly ‘malachite’ or ‘garnet.’ 8 Or possibly ‘sardius.’ ? Or possibly ‘onyx.’ 10 Hebrew: "אחלמה"‎ (achlamah) - see chapter 22:1, which indicates that "אחלמה"‎ is not a red or brown Jasper as is commonly believed. 11 Or possibly ‘beryl’ or 'chrysolite.' ?? Or possibly ‘topaz.’ The exact identification of many precious stones is debated. 13 Ms. reads ‘is called ametist in a foreign language.’ 14 Or “jewels.” 15 Or “jewel.” 16 Or “open places,” or possibly “streets.”

109a סודות כ"ב‎ 

Transcript 1.1

כצלוח זך ,, ולא ראיתי בה ma‏ התפילה כי יהוה צבאות היה ma‏ המקדש שלהם והשה ,, ולא צריך העיר אור משמש או מהירח כי תפארת יהוה מאור להם ואורה יש nem‏ ,, והעמים הקדושים הולכים באור הזה ומלכי ארץ יבאו את חילם בה ;. ופתחו שעריך תמיד יומם ולילה לא יסנרו בי לא mm‏ לילה ,, nim‏ יבאו בה תפארת וכבוד מהעמים ,, וזר לא יקרב אליו רק אילו שכתוב שמם בספר החיים

פרק כייב

, והראה לי נחל אחד שהיה מלא ממים חיים וזך כאחלמה NY‏ מכסא יהוה והשה , באמצע הרחובות

Translation 1.1 Sodot 22 109b

pure glass. 

22 And | did not see the house of prayer in it, for YHWH Tseva'ot was the house of their sanctuary,! and the Lamb.

23 And the city does not need the light from the sun or the moon,* for the glory of YHWH is a light-source for them, and its? light is the Lamb. 

24 And the set-apart peoples? will walk in this light, and the kings of the earth will bring their wealth into it? 

25 And your gates will be open continually, day and night they will not be shut? for there will not be night.’ 

26 And they will bring into it, glory and honor from the nations. 2; But no stranger will come near? to him,? only those whose name is written in the scroll of life.

Revelation Chapter 22

22: 1 Then he showed me a stream which was full of living waters, and it was pure like crystal, '? coming out of the throne of YHWH and the Lamb. 

2 And in the midst" of the plains,“

! The presence of YHWH will sanctify the whole city and the whole city will be YHWH's tabernacle / temple with man (see verses 1-3). ? See Is. 60:19-20. ? Lit. “her,” referring to the city, which is feminine in Hebrew. ^ Or "nations." ? Compare Is. 60:5 & 60:11. 5 Mostly quoted from Is. 60:11. 7 Meaning, there will be no ‘darkness’ in the city, even at night time. 5 Or "approach." ? Probably refers to YHWH, could also possibly refer to the city. (‘City’ is occasionally referred to as masculine in Hebrew). 10 Hebrew: "אחלמה"‎ (achlamah) — see chapter 22:1, which indicates that "אחלמה"‎ is not a red or brown Jasper as is commonly believed. 11 Or possibly ‘among.’ ?? Or "open places,” or possibly "streets."

110a סודות כ"ב‎ 

Transcript 1.1

ow‏ הנחל now‏ על שפתו mi mb‏ כל עץ מאכל ועץ החיים ועליו היה שניים עשר מיני פירות והיה פריו למאכל ועלהו לתרופה , וחרם לא יהיה עוד וכסא mm‏ והשה ישכון בה ועבדיו ישרתוהו , ויראו את פניו ושמו omm‏ כתוב במצחיהם , ולא יהיה עוד בה השמש לאור יומם ולנגה והירח לא יאיר לך

Translation 1.1 Sodot 22 110b

even' beside the stream, there grew up on its bank — on this side and on that side - every tree of food, even the tree of life. And on it were twelve kinds? of fruit, and its fruit was for food, and its foliage for healing.^

3 And there will be no more destruction, but the throne of YHWH and the Lamb will dwell in it? and his servants will serve him. 

4 And they will see his face, and his name will be written on their foreheads. 

5 And in it the sun will no more be for light by day, neither for brightness will the moon shine for you,’ but

! Or possibly ‘and.’ ? This verse is mostly quoted from Eze. 47:12. Hebrew often uses singular for plural (collective), so there is no indication that there will be only one tree of life. (See also Eze. 47:7). ? This does not indicate that one tree bears twelve kinds of fruit, but that the "tree of life" collectively refers to "every tree of food." Among the many different kinds of trees, fresh fruit will be produced every month. Trees bear fruit after their kind! One tree does not bear more than one kind of fruit (Gen. 1:11-12). ^ For easier understanding in English, the Hebrew collective use can be translated as plural (Most English translations do that with Eze. 47:12). "And among the plains, even besides the stream, there grew up all kinds of fruit trees — on both sides of its banks — namely, the trees of life. And on them were twelve kinds of fruit, and their fruit was for food, and their foliage for healing." > Lit. “her” — referring to the city. YHWH's throne in the city will cause it to be the ‘Temple’ (YHWH's tabernacle with men). See chapter 21:3, which indicates that the New Jerusalem and the Tabernacle of YHWH are synonyms. See also Eze. 43:7 — the river of life flows from underneath the Temple. 5 Lit. “her” — referring to the city, which is feminine in Hebrew. 7 Could also be translated: "And in it the sun will no more be for light by day, and for brightness; neither will the moon shine for you..."

111a סודות כ"ב‎ Transcript 1.1

mm‏ לך mm‏ לאור עולם ואלהיך לתפארתך , ואמר לי אלה הדברים הן אמת mm"‏ צבאות שלח את מלאכיו להראות לעבדיו מה שיהיה בקרוב , ראה אני יבא במהרה וקדוש הוא מי שמאמין בדברי הנביאות מה שכתוב בספר הזה , ואני יוחנן שמעתי וראיתי כל אלה וכיון ששמעתי וראיתי זאת נפלתי לאריץ והתפללתי להמלאך שהראה לי זאת , והוא אמר לי ראה אל תעשה זאת כי גם אני מחברותך ומאחים הנביאים ומאילו המקיימים הדברים מספר הזה עשי תפלתך ליהוה,, ואמר לי אל תסתם החזון מספר הזה כי העת קרוב ,, מי שיש רע תהיה' כל את כך מי שיש טמא יהיה ג"כ' כך אבל מי שיש חסיד mm‏ כל עת כך ומי שיש קדוש ג"כ' כמו זה

* For the use of “n” instead of ^", see note on chapter 1:7. * Abbreviation for ^12 Dx’. * Abbreviation for ^12 Dx’.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 22 111b

YHWH will be an eternal light for you, and your Elohim will be your! glory.? e Then he said to me, "These words are truth, and YHWH Tseva'ot sent his messengers to show his servants what will happen soon.

7 "Look! | will come with haste!" — So, blessed is he who believes the words of the prophecy which is written in this scroll. 

8 And | Yochanan heard and saw all these things, and when | had heard and seen this | fell to the earth and prayed to the messenger who showed me this. 

9 But he said to me, "Look! Do not do this! — For | am also of your company and your* brothers the prophets, and of those who establish the words of this scroll. Do your prayer to YHWH."

10 Then he said to me, "Do not seal up the vision of this scroll, for the time is near.? 

11 Whosoever is evil, he will be so all the time; whosoever is unclean will also be so; but whosoever is faithful will be so all the time; and whosoever is set-apart, also just like this."

1 Lit. “as your glory" or “for your glory.” ? Verse 5 is mostly quoted from Is. 60:19. ? Lit. “at near" — the Biblical meaning of ‘soon’ or ‘near’ is not always what we expect. See e.g. Is. 13:22, stating that Babylon's destruction is near, yet Babylon was only destroyed generations later, and the ultimate fulfillment is still future! (Rev. 17-19). ^ Understood from preceding part of the verse. (Called gapping, commonly found in the Hebrew Tanach). > Lit. "the time is at near” — see note on verse 6.

112a סודות כ"ב‎ 

Transcript 1.1

,, וראה אני יבא במהרה לשלם לכל איש במעשהו p‏ אני הראשון והאחרון תחילת והסוף ,, קדושים הם שעושים מצותיו כדי שיהיה להם pon‏ בעץ החיים ויזכה לילך מהעיר' ,| כי מבחוץ עומדים הכלבים והמכשפים והזונות והרצחנים והכזבנים ,, אני ישוע שלחתי מלאכי להראות לעדה ואני שרש ממשפחות דוד ,, mmm‏ והכלה אמרו בא ומי שישמע יאמר בא ומי שצמא לכו למים חיים ושתו בלוא כסף ובלוא מחיר ,, אבל אני מעיד לכל השומעים הנביאות מהספר הזה ובאי שאחד יוסיף לו איזה דברים mm voy mov‏ הנגעים שכתובים בספר הזה , ובאם שאחד יגרע איזה דברים מזה הספר ימחה יהוה את שמו מספר החיים ,, וכה אמר המעיד זאת כן אני אבא במהרה [DN‏ כן בא אדון ישוע a‏ החסד מאדונינו ישוע המשיח יהיה עם כולכם אמן

“The preposition “jh” can mean “in,” “into,” "toward," etc. See e.g. Lev. 4:17, Lev. 14:16, Pro. 5:18, Lam. 1:20, Gen. 13:11. “ Truncated form of "ובאם"‎ compare verse 19.

Translation 1.1 Sodot 22 112b

12 “And look! | will come with haste, to reward' every man according to his work! 

13 | am the first and the last, the beginning and the end! 

14 Blessed are they who do his commandments, that they may have part? in the tree of life, and be pure to walk in the city. 

15 For the dogs and the sorcerers and the harlots and the murderers and the liars stay outside. 

16 | Yeshua sent my messengers’ to show this to the assembly. Even | am the root of the families of Dawid!

17 Both the Ruach and the bride - say 'Come'!* And whosoever hears, let him say, ‘Come!’ And whosoever thirsts, ‘Come to the living waters! And drink without money? and without price!'

18 But | testify to all who hear the prophecy of this scroll, that [if] one will add any’ words to it, YHWH will add to him the plagues which are written in this scroll, 

19 and if anyone will diminish any? words from this scroll, YHWH will blot out his name from the scroll of life." 

20 And thus says he who testifies this, "Yes, | will come with haste!" Amein! Yes, come Adon Yeshua!

21 The steadfast love of our Adon Yeshua Ha-Mashiach be with you all, amein!

! Or "repay." ? Or "a share." ? Compare verse 6. ^ Or “And the Ruach and the Bride say, ‘Come!’” ? Lit. "silver," in Biblical times money was mostly made of silver. 5 Compare Is. 55:1. 7 Or "some." 8 Or "some."

113

References

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